Cover Page - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Cover Page - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019	Feb. 14, 2020	Jun. 28, 2019
Document and Entity Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2019
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-38098
Entity Registrant Name	APPIAN CORPORATION
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	54-1956084
Entity Address, Address Line One	7950 Jones Branch Drive
Entity Address, City or Town	Tysons
Entity Address, State or Province	VA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	20190
City Area Code	703
Local Phone Number	442-8844
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A Common Stock
Trading Symbol	APPN
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for its 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K are incorporated by reference in Part III, Items 10-14 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Entity Central Index Key	0001441683
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false
Class A Common Stock
Document and Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Public Float			$ 832,771,572
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		34,562,551
Class B Common Stock
Document and Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Public Float			$ 89,268,922
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		32,922,636

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 159,755	$ 94,930
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $600 at December 31, 2019 and 2018	70,408	79,383
Deferred commissions, current	14,543	14,020
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	32,955	21,293
Total current assets	277,661	209,626
Property and equipment, net	39,554
Property and equipment, net		7,539
Operating right-of-use asset	24,205
Deferred commissions, net of current portion	28,979	15,088
Deferred tax assets	494	326
Other assets	592	601
Total assets	371,485	233,180
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	5,222	9,249
Accrued expenses	7,488	7,464
Accrued compensation and related benefits	10,691	13,796
Deferred revenue, current	82,201	95,523
Operating lease liability, current	3,836
Finance lease liability, current	1,447
Other current liabilities	1,395	2,369
Total current liabilities	112,280	128,401
Operating lease liability, net of current portion	44,416
Finance lease liability, net of current portion	2,375
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	7,139	16,145
Deferred tax liabilities	38	42
Deferred rent, net of current portion	0	15,400
Total liabilities	166,248	159,988
Stockholders’ equity
Additional paid-in capital	340,929	218,284
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(285)	542
Accumulated deficit	(135,413)	(145,640)
Total stockholders’ equity	205,237	73,192	$ 45,524	$ (63,492)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	371,485	233,180
Class A Common Stock
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock	3	3
Class B Common Stock
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock	$ 3	$ 3

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 600	$ 600
Class A Common Stock
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	34,525,386	29,626,054
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	34,525,386	29,626,054
Class B Common Stock
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	32,942,636	34,290,383
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	32,942,636	34,290,383

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 68,618	$ 66,155	$ 65,275	$ 60,304	$ 60,216	$ 54,948	$ 59,883	$ 51,696	$ 260,352	$ 226,743	$ 176,737
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	22,773	23,951	23,051	24,066	22,210	20,092	21,574	21,049	93,841	84,925	64,597
Gross profit	45,845	42,204	42,224	36,238	38,006	34,856	38,309	30,647	166,511	141,818	112,140
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	31,254	27,603	29,992	28,591	30,177	25,467	27,384	22,964	117,440	105,992	81,966
Research and development	15,625	15,697	12,765	13,956	12,332	11,737	10,785	9,870	58,043	44,724	34,835
General and administrative	12,028	11,191	9,261	9,016	8,799	12,537	8,425	8,060	41,496	37,821	27,150
Total operating expenses	58,907	54,491	52,018	51,563	51,308	49,741	46,594	40,894	216,979	188,537	143,951
Operating loss	(13,062)	(12,287)	(9,794)	(15,325)	(13,302)	(14,885)	(8,285)	(10,247)	(50,468)	(46,719)	(31,811)
Other (income) expense:
Other (income) expense, net	(2,822)	2,262	(79)	(302)	510	110	2,593	(918)	(941)	2,295	(2,038)
Interest expense	131	96	69	71	64	67	54	13	367	198	473
Total other (income) expense	(2,691)	2,358	(10)	(231)	574	177	2,647	(905)	(574)	2,493	(1,565)
Loss before income taxes	(10,371)	(14,645)	(9,784)	(15,094)	(13,876)	(15,062)	(10,932)	(9,342)	(49,894)	(49,212)	(30,246)
Income tax expense	426	5	267	122	27	(34)	35	211	820	239	761
Net loss	(10,797)	(14,650)	(10,051)	(15,216)	(13,903)	(15,028)	(10,967)	(9,553)	(50,714)	(49,451)	(31,007)
Accretion of dividends on convertible preferred stock									0	0	357
Net loss attributable to common stockholders									$ (50,714)	$ (49,451)	$ (31,364)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic and diluted (in usd per share)									$ (0.77)	$ (0.80)	$ (0.63)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted (in shares)									65,479,327	62,140,684	49,529,833
Subscriptions
Revenue:
Total revenue	42,108	37,774	36,860	34,557	35,108	30,905	33,047	26,952	$ 151,299	$ 126,012	$ 91,514
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	4,993	4,484	4,036	3,585	3,284	3,261	2,824	2,628	17,098	11,997	9,379
Professional services
Revenue:
Total revenue	26,510	28,381	28,415	25,747	25,108	24,043	26,836	24,744	109,053	100,731	85,223
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	$ 17,780	$ 19,467	$ 19,015	$ 20,481	$ 18,926	$ 16,831	$ 18,750	$ 18,421	$ 76,743	$ 72,928	$ 55,218

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (10,797)	$ (14,650)	$ (10,051)	$ (15,216)	$ (13,903)	$ (15,028)	$ (10,967)	$ (9,553)	$ (50,714)	$ (49,451)	$ (31,007)
Comprehensive loss, net of income taxes:
Foreign currency translation adjustment									(827)	103	(891)
Total other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes									$ (51,541)	$ (49,348)	$ (31,898)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References + Details

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit	Restricted stock units	Restricted stock units Common Stock
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016		34,274,718
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2016	$ (63,492)	$ 3		$ 1,330	$ (64,825)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(31,007)				(31,007)
Accretion of dividends on convertible preferred stock	(357)				(357)
Conversion of convertible preferred stock to common stock (in shares)		18,163,158
Conversion of convertible preferred stock to common stock	48,207	$ 2	$ 48,205
Conversion of convertible preferred stock warrant to common stock warrant	1,191		1,191
Issuance of common stock from initial public offering, net of issuance costs (in shares)		7,187,500
Issuance of common stock from initial public offering, net of issuance costs	$ 77,789	$ 1	77,788
Exercise of common stock warrant (in shares)		79,363
Issuance of common stock to directors (in shares)		14,087
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)						4,930	4,930
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	876,121	876,121
Exercise of stock options	$ 1,108		1,108
Stock-based compensation expense	12,976		12,976
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(891)			(891)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		60,599,877
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2017	45,524	$ 6	141,268	439	(96,189)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(49,451)				(49,451)
Issuance of common stock from initial public offering, net of issuance costs (in shares)		1,675,000
Issuance of common stock from initial public offering, net of issuance costs	$ 57,829		57,829
Issuance of common stock to directors (in shares)		11,952
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)						143,390	143,390
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	1,486,218	1,486,218
Exercise of stock options	$ 3,133		3,133
Stock-based compensation expense	16,054		16,054
Other comprehensive income (loss)	103			103
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		63,916,437
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2018	73,192	$ 6	218,284	542	(145,640)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(50,714)				(50,714)
Issuance of common stock from initial public offering, net of issuance costs (in shares)		1,825,000
Issuance of common stock from initial public offering, net of issuance costs	$ 101,303		101,303
Issuance of common stock to directors (in shares)		10,654
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)						521,460	521,460
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	1,194,471	1,194,471
Exercise of stock options	$ 4,899		4,899
Stock-based compensation expense	16,443		16,443
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(827)			(827)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019		67,468,022
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 205,237	$ 6	$ 340,929	$ (285)	$ (135,413)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (50,714)	$ (49,451)	$ (31,007)
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income (Loss) to Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization	4,742	2,021	886
Loss (gain) on disposal of equipment	146	(4)	0
Bad debt expense	99	211	62
Deferred income taxes	(334)	(218)	(251)
Stock-based compensation	16,443	16,054	12,976
Fair value adjustment for warrant liability	0	0	341
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0	0	384
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	7,432	(23,332)	(9,716)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	8,972	(1,025)	(4,162)
Deferred commissions	(9,319)	(7,615)	(3,487)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(4,039)	7,461	4,128
Accrued compensation and related benefits	(3,072)	(3)	2,365
Other current liabilities	1,318	1,823	383
Deferred revenue	12,573	23,023	18,344
Operating lease liabilities	6,827
Deferred rent, non-current	0	(266)	(374)
Net cash used in operating activities	(8,926)	(31,321)	(9,128)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(32,421)	(7,014)	(433)
Proceeds from sale of equipment	0	4	0
Net cash used in investing activities	(32,421)	(7,010)	(433)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from public offering, net of underwriting discounts	101,653	58,258	0
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts	0	0	80,213
Payment of costs related to public offerings	(350)	(429)	(2,424)
Payment of dividend to Series A preferred stockholders	0	0	(7,565)
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options	4,899	3,133	1,108
Principal payments on finance lease obligations	(653)
Repayment of long-term debt	0	0	(40,000)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of debt issuance costs	0	0	19,616
Net cash provided by financing activities	105,549	60,962	50,948
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	623	(1,459)	1,228
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	64,825	21,172	42,615
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	94,930	73,758	31,143
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	159,755	94,930	73,758
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	331	46	515
Cash paid for income taxes	356	680	615
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities:
Finance lease obligations to acquire new office furniture and fixtures and computer hardware	4,475
Accretion of dividends on convertible preferred stock	0	0	357
Conversion of convertible preferred stock to common stock
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities:
Conversion of convertible stock	0	0	48,207
Conversion of convertible preferred stock warrant to common stock warrant
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities:
Conversion of convertible stock	$ 0	$ 0	$ 1,191

Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements and footnotes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) as contained in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (the “Codification” or “ASC”).

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in these consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Although we believe that the estimates we use are reasonable, due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making these estimates, actual results reported in future periods could differ from those estimates.

Significant estimates embedded in the consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, income taxes and the related valuation allowance and stock-based compensation.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Appian and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Initial Public Offering

In May 2017, we completed an initial public offering ("IPO"), in which we sold 7,187,500 shares of our newly-authorized Class A common stock at an initial price to the public of $12.00 per share. We received net proceeds of $77.8 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses paid and payable by us, from the IPO.

Deferred offering costs of $2.4 million, consisting of legal, accounting and other fees and costs related to our IPO, were recorded to additional paid-in capital as a reduction of the proceeds upon the closing of our IPO.

Secondary Offering

In November 2017, we completed a secondary offering in which stockholders sold an aggregate of 4,370,000 shares of our Class A common stock at a price of $20.25 per share. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of the shares of our Class A common stock sold in the secondary offering.

Public Offerings

In August 2018, we completed an underwritten public offering of 2,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock, of which 1,675,000 shares of Class A common stock were sold by us and 325,000 shares of Class A common stock were sold by existing stockholders, at an offering price to the public of $35.15 per share. Our net proceeds from the offering were $57.8 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. We did not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders.

In September 2019, we completed an underwritten public offering of 2,329,000 shares of our Class A common stock, of which 1,825,000 shares of Class A common stock were sold by us and 504,000 shares of Class A common stock were sold by existing stockholders. The underwriter purchased the shares from us and the selling stockholders at a price of $55.70 per share. Our net proceeds from the offering were $101.3 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. We did not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders.

Revenue Recognition

We generate subscriptions revenue primarily through the sale of SaaS subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services and term license subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support. We generate professional services revenue from fees for our consulting services, including application development and deployment assistance and training related to our platform. Because we were an “emerging growth company” until December 31, 2019, the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”) allowed us to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. We elected to use this extended transition period that allowed us not to adopt Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Updated, or ASU, 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) ("ASC 606") in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q during 2019. The 2019 selected quarterly information in Note 14 have been recast in accordance with ASC 606.

We adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method. Under this method of adoption, we recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit. Comparative periods were not adjusted.

The following table summarizes revenue from contracts with customers for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31, 2019
SaaS subscriptions	$	95,028
Term license subscriptions	40,428
Maintenance and support	15,843
Professional services	109,053
Total revenue	$	260,352

Performance Obligations and Timing of Revenue Recognition

We primarily sell products and services that fall into the categories discussed below. Each category contains one or more performance obligations that are either (1) capable of being distinct (i.e. the customer can benefit from the product or service on its own or together with readily available resources, including those purchased separately from us) and distinct within the context of the contract (i.e. separately identified from other promises in the contract) or (2) a series of distinct products or services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. Our term license subscriptions are delivered at a point in time. Our SaaS subscriptions, maintenance and support and professional services are delivered over time.

Subscriptions Revenue

Subscriptions revenue is primarily related to (1) SaaS subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services and (2) term license subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support.

We generally charge subscription fees on a per-user basis and, to a lesser degree, non-user based single application licenses. We bill customers and collect payment for subscriptions to our platform in advance on an annual, quarterly or monthly basis. In certain instances, our customers have paid their entire contract up front.

SaaS Subscriptions

We generate cloud-based subscription revenue primarily from the sales of subscriptions to access our cloud offering, together with related support services to our customers. We perform all required maintenance and support for our cloud

offering and we do not separately charge customers for hosting costs. Revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date the service is made available to the customer. Our cloud-based subscription contracts generally have a term of one to three years in length. We bill customers and collect payment for subscriptions to our platform in advance and they are non-cancellable.

Term License Subscriptions

Our term license subscription revenue is derived from customers with on-premises installations of our platform pursuant to contracts that were historically one to three years in length. The majority of recent contracts are one year in length. Although term license subscriptions are sold with maintenance and support, the software is fully functional at the beginning of the subscription and is considered a distinct performance obligation. On rare occasions, a cloud-based subscription may include the right for the customer to take possession of the license and as such, the revenue is treated as a license. Revenue from term license subscriptions is recognized when control of the software license has transferred to the customer, which is the later of delivery or commencement of the contract term.

Maintenance and Support

Maintenance and support subscriptions include both technical support and when-and-if-available software upgrades, which are treated as a single performance obligation as they are considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same duration and measure of progress. Revenue from maintenance and support is recognized ratably over the contract period, which is the period over which the customer has continuous access to maintenance and support.

Professional Services

Our professional services revenue is comprised of fees for consulting services, including application development and deployment assistance and training services related to our platform. Our professional services are considered distinct performance obligations when sold stand alone or with other products.

Consulting Services

We sell consulting services to assist customers plan and execute deployment of our software. Customers are not required to use consulting services to fully benefit from the software. Consulting services are regularly sold on a standalone basis and either (1) a fixed-fee arrangement or (2) a time and materials basis. Consulting contracts are each considered separate performance obligations because they do not integrate with each other or with other products and services to deliver a combined output to the customer, do not modify or customize (or are not modified or customized by) each other or other products and services, and do not affect the customer's ability to use the other consulting offerings or other products and services. Revenue under consulting contracts is recognized over time as services are delivered. For time and materials-based consulting contracts, we have elected the practical expedient of recognizing revenue upon invoicing since the invoiced amount corresponds directly to the value of our service to-date.

Training Services

We sell various training services to our customers. Training services are sold in the form of prepaid training credits that are redeemed based on a fixed rate per course. Training revenue is recognized when the associated training services are delivered.

Significant Judgments and Estimates

Determine the Transaction Price

The transaction price includes both fixed and variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal will not occur. The amount of variable consideration excluded from the transaction price for the year ended December 31, 2019 was insignificant. Our estimates of variable consideration are also subject to subsequent true-up adjustments and may result in changes to its transaction prices but such true-up adjustments are not expected to be material.

Allocating the Transaction Price Based on Standalone Selling Prices

We allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in a contract based on its relative SSP. The SSP is the observable price at which we sell the product or service separately. In the absence of observable pricing, we estimate SSP using the residual approach. We establish SSP as follows:

1.SaaS subscriptions - Given the highly variable selling price of our SaaS subscriptions, we establish the SSP of our SaaS subscriptions using a residual approach after first determining the SSP of consulting and training services. We have concluded that the residual approach to estimate SSP of our SaaS subscriptions is an appropriate allocation of the transaction price.

2.Term license subscriptions - Given the highly variable selling price of our term license subscriptions, we have established SSP of term license subscriptions using a residual approach after first determining the SSP of maintenance and support. Maintenance and support is sold on a standalone basis, with renewals of our legacy perpetual software licenses, within a narrow range of the net license fee and because an economic relationship exists between the license and maintenance and support, we have concluded that the residual approach to estimate SSP of term license subscriptions is an appropriate allocation of the transaction price.

3.Maintenance and support - We establish SSP of maintenance and support as a percentage of the stated net subscription fee based on observable pricing of maintenance and support renewals from our legacy perpetual software licenses.

4.Consulting services and training services - SSP of consulting services and training services is established based on the observable pricing of standalone sales within each geographic region where the services are sold.

Contract Balances

Timing may differ between the satisfaction of performance obligations and the invoicing and collection of amounts related to our contracts with customers. Contract assets primarily relate to unbilled amounts for contracts with customers for which the amount of revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. Contract assets are transferred to accounts receivable when the right to invoice becomes unconditional. As of January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019, contract assets of $25.8 million and $22.8 million, respectively, are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in our consolidated balance sheet.

Contract liabilities consists of deferred revenue and include payments received in advance of the satisfaction of performance obligations. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized $66.6 million of revenue that was included in deferred revenue as of January 1, 2019. Deferred revenue that will be recognized during the succeeding 12-month period is recorded as current, and the remaining deferred revenue is recorded as non-current.

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

As of December 31, 2019, we had an aggregate transaction price of $175.8 million, allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations related to SaaS subscriptions, term license subscriptions and maintenance and support. We expect to recognize $153.7 million as revenue over the next 24 months with the remaining amount recognized thereafter.

Transition Disclosures

For periods prior to January 1, 2019, we recognized revenue in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition ("ASC 605"). In accordance with the modified retrospective method transition requirements, we will present the financial statement line items impacted and adjusted to compare to presentation under ASC 605 for the annual periods during the first year of adoption of ASC 606.

Consolidated Balance Sheets - Reconciliation of the Impacts from the Adoption of the New Revenue Recognition Standard

The following table summarizes the impacts from the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2019								2018
	As Reported (ASC 606)		Impacts from Adoption		Without Adoption (ASC 605)		As Reported (ASC 605)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	159,755	$	—	$	159,755	$	94,930
Accounts receivable, net of allowance	70,408		—		70,408		79,383
Deferred commissions, current	14,543		(6,061)		20,604		14,020
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	32,955		16,343		16,612		21,293
Total current assets	277,661		10,282		267,379		209,626
Property and equipment, net	39,554		—		39,554		7,539
Operating right-of-use asset	24,205		—		24,205		—
Deferred commissions, net of current portion	28,979		15,780		13,199		15,088
Deferred tax assets	494		—		494		326
Other assets	592		—		592		601
Total assets	371,485		26,062		345,423		233,180
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	5,222	$	—	$	5,222	$	9,249
Accrued expenses	7,488		—		7,488		7,464
Accrued compensation and related benefits	10,691		—		10,691		13,796
Deferred revenue, current	82,201		(28,985)		111,186		95,523
Operating lease liability, current	3,836		—		3,836		—
Finance lease liability, current	1,447		—		1,447		—
Other current liabilities	1,395		—		1,395		2,369
Total current liabilities	112,280		(28,985)		141,265		128,401
Operating lease liability, net of current portion	44,416		—		44,416		—
Finance lease liability, net of current portion	2,375		—		2,375		—
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	7,139		(4,891)		12,030		16,145
Deferred tax liabilities	38		—		38		42
Deferred rent, net of current portion	—		—		—		15,400
Total liabilities	166,248		(33,876)		200,124		159,988
Stockholders’ equity
Class A common stock	3		—		3		3
Class B common stock	3		—		3		3
Additional paid-in capital	340,929		—		340,929		218,284
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(285)		320		(605)		542
Accumulated deficit	(135,413)		59,618		(195,031)		(145,640)
Total stockholders’ equity	205,237		59,938		145,299		73,192
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	371,485	26,062		$	345,423	$	233,180

The following summarizes the significant changes on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 as a result of the adoption of ASC 606 on January 1, 2019 compared to if we had continued to recognize revenue under ASC 605:

•Total deferred commissions increased $9.7 million due to the increase in the amortization period of costs to obtain a contract for a new customer or up-sell from the contract term to the five year estimated economic life.

•Prepaid expenses and other current assets increased $16.3 million and total deferred revenue decreased $33.9 million due to the change in timing of when we recognize revenue under ASC 606.

Consolidated Statements of Operations - Reconciliation of the Impacts from the Adoption of the New Revenue Recognition Standard

The following table summarizes the impacts from the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard on our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019								2018
	As Reported (ASC 606)		Impacts from Adoption		Without Adoption (ASC 605)		As Reported (ASC 605)
Revenue:
Subscriptions	$	151,299	$	(8,786)	$	160,085	$	126,012
Professional services	109,053		2,791		106,262		100,731
Total revenue	260,352		(5,995)		266,347		226,743
Cost of revenue:
Subscriptions	17,098		—		17,098		11,997
Professional services	76,743		—		76,743		72,928
Total cost of revenue	93,841		—		93,841		84,925
Gross profit	166,511		(5,995)		172,506		141,818
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	117,440		(4,625)		122,065		105,992
Research and development	58,043		—		58,043		44,724
General and administrative	41,496		—		41,496		37,821
Total operating expenses	216,979		(4,625)		221,604		188,537
Operating loss	(50,468)		(1,370)		(49,098)		(46,719)
Other (income) expense:
Other (income) expense, net	(941)		(47)		(894)		2,295
Interest expense	367		—		367		198
Total other (income) expense	(574)		(47)		(527)		2,493
Loss before income taxes	(49,894)		(1,323)		(48,571)		(49,212)
Income tax expense	820		—		820		239
Net loss	$	(50,714)	$	(1,323)	$	(49,391)	$	(49,451)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.77)	$	(0.02)	$	(0.75)	$	(0.80)

The following summarizes the significant changes on the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 as a result of the adoption of ASC 606 on January 1, 2019 compared to if we had continued to recognize revenue under ASC 605:

•Subscriptions revenue decreased $8.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 under ASC 606 primarily due to the change in timing of when we recognize term license subscription revenue. Additionally, a significant amount of our

unrecognized term license subscriptions revenue was recorded as an adjustment to accumulated deficit under ASC 606. Under ASC 606, our term license subscription revenue is recognized at the time of delivery, as opposed to ratably over the contract term under ASC 605.

•Professional services revenue increased $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 under ASC 606 primarily due to the fact that our professional services are sold together with SaaS or term licenses. Under ASC 606, the professional services represent distinct performance obligations and therefore are recognized as services are performed. Under ASC 605, professional services sold together with term licenses were recognized ratably over the contract period of maintenance and support.

•Sales and marketing expense decreased $4.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 under ASC 606 primarily due to the increase in the period over which we amortize our deferred sales commissions.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - Reconciliation of the Impacts from the Adoption of the New Revenue Recognition Standard

The following table summarizes the impacts from the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard on our consolidated statement of comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019								2018
	As Reported (ASC 606)		Impacts from Adoption		Without Adoption (ASC 605)		As Reported (ASC 605)
Net loss	$	(50,714)	$	(1,323)	$	(49,391)	$	(49,451)
Comprehensive loss, net of income taxes:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(827)		115		(942)		103
Total other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes	$	(51,541)	$	(1,208)	$	(50,333)	$	(49,348)

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Reconciliation of the Impacts from the Adoption of the New Revenue Recognition Standard

The following table summarizes the impacts from the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard on our consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019								2018
	As Reported (ASC 606)		Impacts from Adoption		Without Adoption (ASC 605)		As Reported (ASC 605)
Net loss	$	(50,714)	$	(1,323)	$	(49,391)	$	(49,451)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	4,742		—		4,742		2,021
Loss (gain) on disposal of equipment	146		—		146		(4)
Bad debt expense	99		—		99		211
Deferred income taxes	(334)		—		(334)		(218)
Stock-based compensation	16,443		—		16,443		16,054
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	7,432		—		7,432		(23,332)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	8,972		4,313		4,659		(1,025)
Deferred commissions	(9,319)		(4,625)		(4,694)		(7,615)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(4,039)		—		(4,039)		7,461
Accrued compensation and related benefits	(3,072)		—		(3,072)		(3)
Other current liabilities	1,318		—		1,318		1,823
Deferred revenue	12,573		1,717		10,856		23,023
Operating lease liabilities	6,827		—		6,827		—
Deferred rent, non-current	—		—		—		(266)
Net cash used in operating activities	(8,926)		82		(9,008)		(31,321)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(32,421)		—		(32,421)		(7,014)
Proceeds from sale of equipment	—		—		—		4
Net cash used in investing activities	(32,421)		—		(32,421)		(7,010)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from public offering, net of underwriting discounts	101,653		—		101,653		58,258
Payment of costs related to public offerings	(350)		—		(350)		(429)
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options	4,899		—		4,899		3,133
Principal payments on finance lease obligations	(653)		—		(653)		—
Net cash provided by financing activities	105,549		—		105,549		60,962
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	623		(82)		705		(1,459)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	64,825		—		64,825		21,172
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	94,930		—		94,930		73,758
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	159,755	—		$	159,755	$	94,930

Legacy Revenue Accounting Policy

For periods prior to January 1, 2019, revenue was recognized in accordance with ASC 605. Under ASC 605, we recognize revenue when all of the following conditions are met: (1) there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; (2) the

service or product has been provided to the customer; (3) the amount of fees to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable; and (4) the collection of related fees is reasonably assured. If collection is not reasonably assured, we defer revenue recognition until collectability becomes reasonably assured. Our arrangements do not contain rights of return.

Subscriptions Revenue

Subscriptions revenue is primarily related to (1) SaaS subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services and (2) term license subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support.

We generally charge subscription fees on a per-user basis, or alternatively, non-user based single application licenses. We bill customers and collect payment for subscriptions to our platform in advance on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis. In certain instances, our customers have paid their entire contract up front.

SaaS Subscriptions

Our SaaS subscription revenue is derived from customers accessing our cloud offering pursuant to contracts that are generally one to three years in length. We perform all required maintenance and support for our cloud offering and we do not separately charge customers for hosting costs. In these arrangements, our customers do not have the right to take the software on-premises and, as a result, such arrangements are not accounted for within the scope of the software revenue guidance. Revenue from SaaS subscriptions is recognized ratably over the term of the subscription, beginning with the date our service is made available to our customer.

Term License Subscriptions

Our term license subscription revenue is derived from customers with on-premises installations of our platform pursuant to contracts that were historically one to three years in length. The majority of recent contracts are one year in length. Customers with term license subscriptions have the right to use our software and receive maintenance and support. Since we do not sell maintenance and support separately from the subscription, revenue for the term license subscription and maintenance and support is recognized ratably over the term of the subscription, upon delivery of the platform to the customer when sold on a standalone basis.

Professional Services

Our professional services revenue is comprised of fees for consulting services, including application development and deployment assistance and training related to our platform. Our professional services are not essential to the functionality of our platform because the platform is ready for the customer’s use immediately upon delivery and is not modified or customized in any manner.

Consulting services are billed under both time-and-material and fixed-fee arrangements. For standalone time-and-material contracts, we recognize revenue at contractually agreed upon billing rates applied to hours performed. For standalone fixed-fee contracts, we also recognize revenue as the work is performed using the proportional performance method of accounting. Training revenue is recognized when the associated training services are delivered. Training is sold in the form of prepaid training credits that are redeemed based on a fixed rate per course.

We defer recognition of revenue from work performed on pending contract modifications until the period in which the modifications are accepted and funding is approved by the customer. Costs of work performed on pending contract modifications are expensed as incurred.

Multiple Element Arrangements

Our multiple element arrangements are from SaaS subscriptions and term license subscriptions that are generally sold in combination with maintenance and support service and frequently with professional services.

SaaS Subscriptions

For multiple element arrangements involving SaaS subscriptions that include professional services in addition to the subscription to our platform, we evaluate each element to determine whether it represents a separate unit of accounting.

Because there are third-party vendors who routinely sell and provide the same professional services to our customers, our professional services are deemed to have standalone value apart from the SaaS subscription. Additionally, we offer both SaaS subscriptions and professional services on a standalone basis. Professional services revenue is therefore accounted for separately from subscription fees and recognized as the professional services are performed. We allocate revenue to the elements based on the selling price hierarchy using vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE") of selling price, third-party evidence ("TPE") of selling price, or if neither exists, best estimated selling price ("BESP"). In cases where we do not have VSOE or TPE of the elements of our arrangements, we use BESP to allocate revenue. We determine BESP for a service by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, evaluating the weighted average of actual sales prices and other factors such as gross margin objectives, pricing practices and growth strategy. Pricing practices taken into consideration include historic contractually stated prices, volume discounts where applicable and our price lists. While we believe we can make reliable estimates regarding these matters, these estimates are inherently subjective. Once the revenue is allocated to these elements, revenue is recognized as such services are provided.

Term License Subscriptions

For multiple element arrangements involving term license subscriptions, maintenance and support and professional services, we do not have VSOE of fair value for the maintenance and support. Our term license subscriptions are generally not sold on a standalone basis, and therefore, we have not established VSOE of fair value for the subscriptions. Consequently, for our bundled arrangements that include certain professional services, there are two undelivered elements for which VSOE of fair value has not been established and, therefore, we utilize the combined services approach and defer all revenue until the software has been delivered and the provision of all services has commenced. We then recognize the entire fee from the arrangement ratably over the remaining period of the arrangement, assuming all other software revenue recognition criteria have been met.

Cost of Revenue

Subscriptions

Cost of subscriptions revenue consists primarily of fees paid to our third-party managed hosting providers and other third-party service providers, personnel costs, including payroll and benefits for our technology operations and customer support teams, and allocated facility costs and overhead.

Professional Services

Cost of professional services revenue includes all direct and indirect costs to deliver our professional services and training, including employee compensation for our global professional services and training personnel, travel costs, third-party contractor costs and allocated facility costs and overhead, as well as the costs of billable expenses, such as travel and lodging. The unpredictability of the timing of entering into significant professional services agreements sold on a standalone basis may cause significant fluctuations in our quarterly financial results.

Concentration of Credit and Customer Risk

Our financial instruments that are exposed to concentration of credit and customer risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance, if any, provided on such deposits. We believe that the financial institutions that hold our cash deposits are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these balances.

With regard to our customers, credit evaluation and account monitoring procedures are used to minimize the risk of loss. We believe that no additional credit risk beyond amounts provided for collection loss are inherent in accounts receivable. Revenue generated from government agencies represented 17.1%, 15.7% and 15.4% of our revenue for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, of which the top three U.S. federal government agencies generated 7.4%, 7.8% and 8.4% of our revenue for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Additionally, 32.3%, 28.7% and 27.0% of our revenue during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, was generated from foreign customers.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments with an original or remaining maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase, as well as overnight repurchase investments, to be cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are stated at realizable value, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on our assessment of the collectability of accounts. We regularly review the composition of the accounts receivable aging, historical bad debts, changes in payment patterns, customer creditworthiness and current economic trends. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability to make required payments, additional provisions for doubtful accounts would be required and would increase bad debt expense. To date, our allowance and related bad debt write-offs have been nominal. Activity within the allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Balance as of January 1	$	600	$	400	$	400
Additions	99		211		62
Less write-offs, net of recoveries	(99)		(11)		(62)
Balance as of December 31	$	600	$	600	$	400

Non-trade Receivables

We record non-trade receivables to reflect amounts due for activities other than sales of subscriptions to our platform and professional services. Our non-trade receivables related entirely to a receivable resulting from our tenant improvement allowance. The tenant improvement allowance receivable was $14.4 million as of December 31, 2018 and was classified within prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. We recognized our initial tenant improvement allowance receivable of $15.8 million related to our new headquarters once we took initial possession of the space in October 2018. We recognized additional tenant improvement allowance receivable of $2.6 million when we took possession of adjacent office space in February 2019. We had received the entire tenant improvement allowance of $17.0 million as of December 31, 2019, and therefore, there was no receivable balance remaining as of such date.

Assets Recognized from the Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer

We capitalize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer, including, sales commissions paid to our direct sales force. These costs are recorded as deferred commissions in the consolidated balance sheets. Costs to obtain a contract for a new customer or up-sell are amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated economic life of five years as sales commissions on initial sales are not commensurate with sales commissions on contract renewals. We determined the estimated economic life based on both qualitative and quantitative factors, such as expected renewals, product life cycles, contractual terms and customer attrition. We periodically review the carrying amount of deferred contract acquisition costs to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact the estimated economic life. Commissions paid relating to contract renewals are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the related renewal period. We also capitalize the incremental fringe benefits associated with commission expenses paid to our direct sales force. Costs to obtain a contract for professional services arrangements are expensed as incurred in accordance with the practical expedient as the contractual period of our professional services arrangements are one year or less.

Amortization expense associated with commission expense is recorded to sales and marketing costs in our consolidated statements of operations.

The following table summarizes the activity of costs to obtain a contract with a customer for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31, 2019
Balance as of January 1	$	29,108
Adoption of ASC 606	5,094
Additional contract costs deferred	25,004
Amortization of deferred contract costs	(15,684)
Balance as of December 31	$	43,522

Commission expense was $15.7 million, $15.6 million and $11.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

For the periods prior to January 1, 2019, under ASC 605, deferred commissions are the incremental costs that are directly associated with subscription agreements with customers and consist of sales commissions paid to our direct sales force. Commissions are considered direct and incremental and as such are deferred and amortized over the terms of the related customer contracts consistent with the related revenue.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Significant additions or improvements extending the useful life of an asset are capitalized, while repairs and maintenance costs which do not significantly improve the related assets or extend their useful lives are charged to expense as incurred.


Asset Category						Useful Life (in years)
Computer software						3
Computer hardware						3
Equipment						5
Office furniture and fixtures						10
Leasehold improvements						Shorter of useful life of assets or lease term

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets and certain intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable through undiscounted cash flows from the use of the assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value. No indicators of impairment were identified for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 because of the relatively short duration of these instruments.

We use a three-tier fair value hierarchy to classify and disclose all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial measurement. The hierarchy requires us to use observable inputs when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. The three tiers are defined as follows:

•Level 1. Observable inputs based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2. Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

•Level 3. Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, which require us to develop our own assumptions.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs

There were no instruments measured at fair value during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

Leases

Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted FASB ASU 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842), as amended ("ASC 842"). In accordance with ASC 842, at the inception of an arrangement, we determine whether the arrangement is or contains a lease based on the unique facts and circumstances present and the classification of the lease. Operating leases with a term greater than one year are recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use ("ROU") assets, lease liabilities and, if applicable, long-term lease liabilities. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. We have elected not to recognize on the balance sheet leases with a term of one year or less. For contracts with lease and non-lease components, we have elected not to allocate the contract consideration and to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, net, finance lease liability, current and finance lease liability, net of current portion in our consolidated balance sheets.

Lease liabilities and their corresponding ROU assets are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected lease term. The implicit rate within most of our leases are generally not determinable and therefore we use the incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments. The determination of our incremental borrowing rate requires judgment and is estimated for each lease based on the rate we would have to pay for a collateralized loan with the same term and payments as the lease. We consider various factors, including our level of collateralization, estimated credit rating and currency of the lease. The operating lease ROU also includes any lease prepayments, offset by lease incentives. Certain of our leases include options to extend or terminate the lease. An option to extend the lease is considered in connection with determining the ROU asset and lease liability when it is reasonably certain we will exercise that option. An option to terminate is considered unless it is reasonably certain we will not exercise the option. For certain equipment leases, we apply a portfolio approach to effectively account for the operating lease ROU assets and liabilities.

Expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as an operating expense while the expense for finance leases is recognized as depreciation expense and interest expense. We have lease agreements which require payments for lease and non-lease components (i.e. common area maintenance) that are accounted for as a single lease component. Variable lease payment amounts that cannot be determined at the commencement of the lease, such as maintenance costs based on future obligations, are not included in the ROU assets or lease liabilities. These are expensed as incurred and recorded as variable lease expense.

For periods prior to ASC 842, we recorded rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease. The difference between the straight-line rent expense and the payments made in accordance with the operating lease agreements were recognized as a deferred rent liability on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Stock-Based Compensation

We account for stock-based compensation expense related to stock-based awards based on the estimated fair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the fair value of stock options containing only a service condition using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model. The fair value of restricted stock units is based on the closing market price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market on the date of grant. For service-based awards, stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. For performance-based awards, stock-based compensation expense is recognized using the accelerated attribution method, based on the probability of satisfying the performance condition. For awards that contain market conditions, compensation expense is measured using a Monte Carlo simulation and

recognized using the accelerated attribution method over the derived service period based on the expected market performance as of the grant date. For restricted stock units, stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We account for forfeitures as they occur, rather than estimating expected forfeitures.

Basic and Diluted Loss per Common Share

We compute net loss per common share using the two-class method required for multiple classes of common stock and participating securities. The rights, including the liquidation and dividend rights, of the Class A common stock and Class B common stock are substantially identical, other than voting and conversion rights. Accordingly, the Class A common stock and Class B common stock share equally in our net losses.

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period increased by common shares that could be issued upon conversion or exercise of other outstanding securities to the extent those additional common shares would be dilutive. The dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities is reflected in diluted net loss per share by application of the treasury stock method.

Due to net losses for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, basic and diluted net loss per share were the same, as the effect of potentially dilutive securities would have been anti-dilutive.

Income Taxes

We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes in which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be reversed. We recognize the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates as income and expense in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is established if it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

Our tax positions are subject to income tax audits by multiple tax jurisdictions throughout the world. We recognize the tax benefit of an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not the position is sustainable upon examination by the taxing authority. We measure the tax benefit recognized as the largest amount of benefit which is more likely than not to be realized upon settlement with the taxing authority. We recognize penalties and interest related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense.

We calculate the current and deferred income tax provision based on estimates and assumptions that could differ from the actual results reflected in income tax returns filed in subsequent years and record adjustments based on filed income tax returns when identified. The amount of income taxes paid is subject to examination by U.S. federal, state and foreign tax authorities. The estimate of the potential outcome of any uncertain tax issue is subject to our assessment of relevant risks, facts and circumstances existing at that time. To the extent the assessment of such tax position changes, we record the change in estimate in the period in which we make that determination.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. Our CODM is our chief executive officer, who reviews financial information presented on a companywide basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. As such, our operations constitute a single operating segment and one reportable segment.

Foreign Currency

Our operations located outside of the United States where the local currency is the functional currency are translated into U.S. dollars using the current rate method. Results of operations are translated at the average rate of exchange for the

Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are recognized in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations as a component of other expense, net. Transaction gains and losses from transactions denominated in foreign currencies resulted in net transaction losses of $0.2 million and $3.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively and net transaction gains of $2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses include payroll, employee benefits, and other headcount-related costs associated with product development. Our product utilizes a common codebase, whether accessed by customers via the cloud or via an on-premises installation. Since our software is sold and licensed externally, we consider our software as external-use software for purposes of applying the capitalized software development guidance. Product development costs are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has been established, which we define as the completion of all planning, designing, coding and testing activities that are necessary to establish products that meet design specifications including functions, features and technical performance requirements. We have determined that technological feasibility for our software products is reached shortly before they are released for sale. Costs incurred after technological feasibility is established are not significant, and accordingly we expense all research and development costs when incurred.

Advertising

We expense advertising costs as they are incurred. Advertising expenses were $4.1 million, $3.9 million and $3.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Adopted

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”), which aims to reduce the existing diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 will require adoption on a retrospective basis unless it is impracticable to apply, in which case we would be required to apply the amendments prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 did not have an impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("ASU 2018-02"), which provides entities the option to reclassify to retained earnings tax effects related to items in accumulated other comprehensive income ("OCI") that the FASB refers to as having been stranded in accumulated OCI as a result of tax reform. ASU 2018-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2018-02 did not have an impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which provides new guidance for revenue recognition. The new revenue standard provides that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASC 606 also requires improved disclosures to help users of financial statements better understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue that is recognized.

We adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method. Under this method of adoption, we applied the new revenue standard only to contracts that were not completed prior January 1, 2019. Upon adoption, we recorded an adjustment of $55.8 million to our accumulated deficit. The adjustment was offset by a $35.4 million reduction to deferred revenue and the addition of a $20.4 million contract asset, primarily due to our on-premises term license subscriptions.

ASC 606 materially impacts the timing of revenue recognition related to our term license subscriptions. Prior to our adoption of ASC 606, we have historically concluded that we did not have VSOE of fair value of the undelivered services related to on-premises term license contracts, and, accordingly, have recognized on-premises term license contracts and related services ratably over the contract term. Under the new revenue standard, the requirement to have VSOE for undelivered services is eliminated. Therefore, revenue allocable to the license portion of the contract is recognized upon delivery of the software. Maintenance and support sold with our term license subscriptions is distinct from the term license subscription and the revenue attributable to the maintenance and support continue to be recognized ratably over the contract term. Under ASC 606, we allocate the transaction to performance obligations based on SSP, which impacts the timing of revenue recognition depending on when each performance obligation is recognized. These changes to the timing of revenue recognition also affect our deferred revenue balances.

In addition, ASC 606 requires the capitalization of certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract, which impacts the period in which we record our commission expense. Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, we deferred the direct and incremental commission costs to obtain a contract with a customer and amortized those costs over the term of the related customer contract consistent with the related revenue. Under the new revenue standard, the direct and incremental costs to obtain contracts with customers, include sales commissions, are deferred and recognized over a period of benefit that we have determined to be five years. In addition, we capitalize the incremental fringe benefits associated with commission expenses paid to our direct sales force. Upon adoption of ASC 606, we reduced our accumulated deficit and increased our asset for deferred commissions by $5.1 million.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842), which requires companies to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by the leased asset. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach for all leases entered into before the effective date. We also elected to implement the new standard at the adoption date with a cumulative-effect adjustment, if any, recognized to the opening balance sheet of accumulated deficit in the period of adoption.

For comparability purposes, we will continue to comply with the previous disclosure requirements in accordance with the existing lease guidance for all periods presented in the year of adoption. We elected the package of practical expedients as permitted under the transition guidance, which allowed us: (1) to carry forward the historical lease classification; (2) not to reassess whether expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; and (3) not to reassess the treatment of initial direct costs for existing leases. In addition, we elected an accounting policy to not recognize leases with an initial term of one year or less on the balance sheet. We did not elect the hindsight practical expedient to determine the lease term for our existing leases and assessing impairment of the ROU assets.

Upon the adoption of this standard on January 1, 2019, we recognized a total lease liability of $51.4 million, representing the present value of the minimum rental payments remaining as of the adoption date and ROU assets of $33.8 million. We did not have finance leases (formerly referred to as capital leases prior to the adoption of ASC 842), therefore there was no change in accounting treatment required.

Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) ("ASU 2016-13"), which requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early application will be permitted for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. We do not expect the standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract, which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs in cloud computing arrangements with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Entities can choose

to adopt the new guidance prospectively or retrospectively. We do not expect the standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, our loss before income taxes was comprised of the following (in thousands):


	2019		2018		2017
Domestic	$	(32,091)	$	(30,663)	$	(23,093)
Foreign	(17,803)		(18,549)		(7,153)
Total	$	(49,894)	$	(49,212)	$	(30,246)

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, our income tax expense (benefit) was comprised of the following (in thousands):


	2019		2018		2017
Current:
Federal	$	3	$	—	$	(65)
State	60		25		68
Foreign	1,091		432		1,009
Total current expense	1,154		457		1,012
Deferred:
Federal	—		—		(42)
State	—		—		—
Foreign	(334)		(218)		(209)
Total deferred benefit	(334)		(218)		(251)
Total income tax expense	$	820	$	239	$	761

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the provision for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rates to our loss before the provision (benefit) for income taxes, as follows:


	2019		2018		2017
U.S. federal statutory tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	34.0	%
State tax expense	7.1		7.2		4.9
Foreign rate differential	(5.1)		(5.1)		(6.7)
Nondeductible expenses	(0.7)		(0.7)		(0.9)
Equity compensation	12.0		9.5		—
Tax credits	6.5		3.9		5.8
Unrecognized tax benefits	(1.1)		(0.8)		(0.7)
Other	(0.8)		0.6		(0.3)
Remeasurement of deferred taxes	(1.6)		—		(7.0)
Change in valuation allowance	(38.9)		(36.0)		(31.6)
Total	(1.6)	%	(0.4)	%	(0.4)	%

The effective tax rate of (1.6)% in 2019 includes a net $10.2 million of tax expense attributable to the change in the valuation allowance in the United States and Switzerland, partially offset by favorable excess tax benefits for equity compensation and research credits.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of the assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows (in thousands):


	2019		2018
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating losses	$	34,875	$	21,059
Tax credits	8,648		5,945
Deferred revenue	1,291		4,179
Equity compensation	1,668		3,923
Lease liabilities	13,066		—
Accrued vacation	409		1,170
Deferred rent	—		373
Bad debt	164		164
Depreciation	—		151
Other	260		548
Gross deferred tax assets	60,381		37,512
Less: Valuation allowance	(35,607)		(30,039)
Total deferred tax assets	24,774		7,473
Deferred tax liabilities:
Prepaid expenses	(9,562)		(6,640)
Right-of-use assets	(6,488)		—
Unbilled receivables	(3,849)		(419)
Depreciation	(4,377)		—
Other	(42)		(130)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(24,318)		(7,189)
Net deferred tax asset	$	456	$	284

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had $99.3 million and $56.9 million of gross net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards for U.S. federal tax purposes, respectively. U.S. federal NOL carryforwards, in the amount of $24.4 million, generated prior to 2018 will expire, if unused, in 2037. Due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "TCJA"), U.S. federal NOL carryforwards, in the amount of $74.9 million, generated after 2017 have an indefinite carryforward period.

Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code limits the utilization of the NOL carryforwards when ownership changes occur, as defined by that section. A number of states have similar state laws that limit utilization of the state NOL carryforwards when ownership changes occur. We have performed an analysis of our Section 382 ownership changes and have determined that all U.S. federal and state NOL carryforwards are available for use as of December 31, 2019.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had $7.5 million and $6.4 million, respectively, of U.S. federal tax credit carryforwards which will expire, if unused, in 2039.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had U.S. gross state NOL carryforwards of $100.9 million and $57.2 million, respectively. We had tax effected state NOL carryforwards of $6.5 million and $3.7 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018,

respectively. The majority of state NOL carryforwards generated prior to 2018 will expire, if unused, in 2037. Due to the TCJA, certain state NOL carryforwards generated after 2017 have an indefinite carryforward period.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had foreign gross NOL carryforwards of $62.8 million and $56.3 million, respectively, primarily attributable to our subsidiary in Switzerland. Those NOL carryforwards will begin to expire, if unused, between 2021 to 2026.

On May 19, 2019, Swiss voters approved the Federal Act on Tax Reform and AHV Financing (TRAF) which resulted in a change to the Swiss income tax rate, amongst other items. The tax law change is considered enacted in 2019 for U.S. GAAP purposes. We remeasured our Swiss deferred tax balances and offsetting valuation allowance using the enacted tax rates, resulting in an immaterial net tax impact.

The net change during the year in the total valuation allowance was $5.6 million, primarily driven by the valuation allowance recorded against the United States and Switzerland deferred tax assets.

As of December 31, 2019, we continued to maintain a full valuation allowance against U.S. deferred tax assets based on our cumulative operating results as of December 31, 2019, three-year cumulative loss and assessment of our expected future results of operations. We have evaluated all evidence, both positive and negative, in assessing the likelihood of realizability and the negative evidence outweighed the positive evidence.

As of December 31, 2019, we have a valuation allowance of $7.3 million against foreign deferred tax assets, primarily for deferred tax assets at our subsidiary in Switzerland. Based on our cumulative operating results as of December 31, 2019, and assessment of our expected future results of operations, we determined that it was not more likely than not that we would be able to realize the deferred tax assets prior to expiration.

We plan to distribute previously undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries back to the United States in future years. Upon repatriation of those earnings, if any, we may be subject to taxes, including withholding taxes, net of any applicable foreign tax credits. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred U.S. income tax liability is not practicable.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had unrecognized tax benefits of $1.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively, of which the entire portion would affect our effective tax rate if recognized. The following table summarizes the activity related to our unrecognized tax benefit from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


Balance as of January 1, 2017	$	419
Additions for tax positions in current years	232
Additions for tax positions in prior years	—
Reductions due to lapse in statutes of limitations	—
Settlements	—
Balance as of December 31, 2017	651
Additions for tax positions in current years	388
Additions for tax positions in prior years	—
Reductions due to lapse in statutes of limitations	—
Settlements	—
Balance as of December 31, 2018	1,039
Additions for tax positions in current years	536
Additions for tax positions in prior years	—
Reductions due to lapse in statutes of limitations	—
Settlements	—
Balance as of December 31, 2019	$	1,575

We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized approximately $3 thousand in interest. We did not recognize any interest during the year ended December 31, 2018. The cumulative balance of interest and penalties as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $36 thousand and $33 thousand, respectively. If recognized, approximately $1.6 million and $1.0 million of unrecognized tax benefits would impact the effective tax rate during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

We anticipate that total unrecognized tax benefits will not decrease over the next year.

We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in various state and foreign jurisdictions. The tax years 2015 through 2019 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which we are subject. There are no open examinations that would have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements.

On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASC 606 and recorded no net impact to retained earnings for the tax effects of the adoption because of the existence of valuation allowances in the United States and Switzerland.

On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASC 842. The most significant impact of ASC 842 was the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases, which required corresponding deferred tax assets and liabilities. The net tax effects of the adoption of ASC 842 was immaterial.

Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

In May 2017, our board of directors adopted, and our stockholders approved, the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”), which became effective as of the date of the final prospectus for our IPO. The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options to employees, and for the grant of nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, stock appreciation rights, performance-based stock awards and other forms of equity compensation to employees, including officers, and to non-employee directors and consultants. We initially reserved 6,421,442 shares of Class A common stock for issuance under the 2017 Plan, which included 421,442 shares that remained available for issuance under our 2007 Stock Option Plan (the “2007 Plan”) at the time that the 2017 Plan became effective. The number of shares reserved under the 2017 Plan increases for any shares subject to outstanding awards originally granted under the 2007 Plan that expire or are forfeited prior to exercise. As a result of the adoption of the 2017 Plan, no further grants may be made under the 2007 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, there were 7,108,049 shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under the 2017 Plan, of which 4,668,941 were available to be issued.

We estimate the fair value of stock options containing only a service condition using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model, which requires the use of subjective assumptions, including the expected term of the option, the current price of the underlying stock, the expected stock price volatility, expected dividend yield and the risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option. The expected term represents the period of time the stock options are expected to be outstanding. Due to the lack of sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to otherwise estimate the expected term of the stock options, we use the simplified method to estimate the expected term for our stock options. Under the simplified method, the expected term of an option is presumed to be the mid-point between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term. Expected volatility is based on historical volatilities for publicly traded stock of comparable companies over the estimated expected term of the stock options. We assume no dividend yield because dividends are not expected to be paid in the near future, which is consistent with our history of not paying dividends.

In May 2019, our board of directors granted a stock option to purchase 700,000 shares of our Class A common stock to our Chief Executive Officer (the "2019 CEO Grant") under the 2017 Plan with an exercise price of $33.98 per share. The 2019 CEO Grant is eligible to vest based on the achievement of a stock price appreciation target of our Class A common stock. Specifically, the 2019 CEO Grant will vest when shares of our Class A common stock closes at or above $84.63 per share for a period equal to or greater than 90 calendar days or upon the occurrence of a change in control in which the value of our Class A common stock is equal to or greater than $84.63 per share within five years of the grant date. The fair value of the 2019 CEO Grant was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation. The fair value of the award at the grant date was $9.5 million and will be amortized over the derived service period of 2.6 years.

The following table summarizes the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:


	2019	2018	2017
Risk-free interest rate	2.1%	*	1.9% - 2.2%
Expected term (in years)	2.6	*	6.5
Expected volatility	55.0%	*	38.1% - 40.6%
Expected dividend yield	—%	*	—%

* Not applicable because no stock options were granted during the period.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes the stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2017	6,784,448	$	4.65	6.5	$	44,259
Granted	1,256,200	11.92
Exercised	(876,121)	1.27			14,807
Canceled	(153,640)	7.29
Outstanding at December 31, 2017	7,010,887	6.36		6.6	176,122
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(1,486,218)	2.10			41,606
Canceled	(503,601)	9.51
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	5,021,068	7.30		6.4	97,440
Granted	700,000	33.98
Exercised	(1,194,471)	4.11			44,081
Canceled	(67,986)	10.17
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	4,458,611	12.30		5.8	115,501
Exercisable at December 31, 2019	2,818,731	7.51		5.7	86,536

The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2017 was $13.57 and $5.05 per option, respectively. No stock options were granted during the year ended December 31, 2018. The total fair value of stock options that vested during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $2.0 million, $10.5 million and $5.6 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, the total compensation cost related to unvested stock options not yet recognized was $8.4 million, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.9 years.

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit activity for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested outstanding at January 1, 2017	—	$	—
Granted	738,055	22.15
Vested	(4,930)	20.24
Canceled	(1,150)	21.40
Non-vested outstanding at December 31, 2017	731,975	22.16
Granted	622,166	29.60
Vested	(143,390)	22.19
Canceled	(35,702)	23.97
Non-vested outstanding at December 31, 2018	1,175,049	26.04
Granted	436,912	40.70
Vested	(521,460)	27.81
Canceled	(67,666)	26.38
Non-vested outstanding at December 31, 2019	1,022,835	31.39

As of December 31, 2019, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units was approximately $28.8 million and the weighted average remaining vesting period was 2.4 years.

In November 2018, our board of directors approved the grant of 255,930 restricted stock units under the 2017 Plan at a fair value of $30.06 per share to our three co-founders. The value of these awards at the grant date was $7.7 million and was amortized over the vesting periods. The restricted stock units vested during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes the components of our stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):


	2019		2018		2017
Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options	$	3,408	$	7,947	$	9,607
Stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units	12,667		7,714		753
Stock-based compensation expense related to the issuance of common stock to directors	368		393		222
Stock-based compensation expense related to stock option modifications	—		—		2,394
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	16,443	$	16,054	$	12,976

Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units, stock options and issuances of common stock is included in the following line items in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):


	2019		2018		2017
Cost of revenue
Subscriptions	$	647	$	514	$	575
Professional services	2,748		1,717		1,295
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	4,742		3,473		3,233
Research and development	3,480		2,416		2,822
General and administrative	4,826		7,934		5,051
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	16,443	$	16,054	$	12,976

Leases and Other Commitments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Leases and Other Commitments

We have operating and finance leases for corporate offices, office furniture and fixtures and computer hardware. Our leases have remaining lease terms of 1 year to 12 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 5 years.

In April 2018, we entered into a lease agreement with respect to 176,222 square feet of office space in Tysons, Virginia for a new corporate headquarters. The term of the lease was 150 months. We took initial possession of the first phase of the new headquarters in October 2018 and began to recognize rent expense. We took possession of 28,805 square feet of adjacent office space in February 2019. We expect to start making recurring rental payments under the lease in the third quarter of 2020.

The following table sets forth the components of lease expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019
Operating lease cost	$	9,733
Finance lease costs:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	700
Interest on lease liabilities	108
Short-term lease cost	462
Variable lease cost	409
Total	$	11,412

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases as of December 31, 2019 was as follows (in thousands, except for lease term and discount rate):


	As of
	December 31, 2019
Operating Leases
Operating ROU assets	$	24,205

Operating lease liabilities, current	$	3,836
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	44,416
Total operating lease liabilities	$	48,252

Finance Leases
Property and equipment, at cost	$	4,475
Accumulated depreciation	(703)
Property and equipment, net	$	3,772

Finance lease liabilities, current	$	1,447
Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion	2,375
Total finance lease liabilities	$	3,822

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases	11.4
Finance leases	2.5

Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases	9.8		%
Finance leases	5.5		%

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the year ended December 31, 2019 was as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows for operating leases	$	6,413
Operating cash outflows for finance leases	108
Financing cash outflows for finance leases	653
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	523
Finance leases	4,475

The maturities of lease liabilities under non-cancelable operating and finance leases as of December 31, 2019 was as follows (in thousands):


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2020	$	3,781	$	1,620
2021	6,896		1,620
2022	7,007		859
2023	7,050		—
2024	7,408		—
Thereafter	57,884		—
Total lease payments	90,026		4,099
Less: imputed interest	(41,774)		(277)
Total	$	48,252	$	3,822

A summary of our future minimum lease commitments and other commitments by year as of December 31, 2018 was as follows (in thousands):


	Office Leases		Equipment Leases		Lease Related Commitments
2019	$	6,985	$	216	$	29,587
2020	6,371		22		—
2021	8,331		—		—
2022	6,939		—		—
2023	6,987		—		—
Thereafter	65,151		—		—
	100,764		238		29,587
Less: tenant improvement allowance	—		—		(14,441)
Total	$	100,764	$	238	$	15,146

Other Commitments

We also have entered into a non-cancellable agreement for the use of technology that is integral in the development of our software and pay annual royalty fees of $0.3 million.

Letters of Credit

At each of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $10.5 million in connection with securing our leased office space. All letters of credit are secured by our borrowing arrangement as described in Note 5.

Leases and Other Commitments

The following table sets forth the components of lease expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019
Operating lease cost	$	9,733
Finance lease costs:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	700
Interest on lease liabilities	108
Short-term lease cost	462
Variable lease cost	409
Total	$	11,412

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases as of December 31, 2019 was as follows (in thousands, except for lease term and discount rate):


	As of
	December 31, 2019
Operating Leases
Operating ROU assets	$	24,205

Operating lease liabilities, current	$	3,836
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	44,416
Total operating lease liabilities	$	48,252

Finance Leases
Property and equipment, at cost	$	4,475
Accumulated depreciation	(703)
Property and equipment, net	$	3,772

Finance lease liabilities, current	$	1,447
Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion	2,375
Total finance lease liabilities	$	3,822

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases	11.4
Finance leases	2.5

Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases	9.8		%
Finance leases	5.5		%

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the year ended December 31, 2019 was as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows for operating leases	$	6,413
Operating cash outflows for finance leases	108
Financing cash outflows for finance leases	653
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	523
Finance leases	4,475

The maturities of lease liabilities under non-cancelable operating and finance leases as of December 31, 2019 was as follows (in thousands):


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2020	$	3,781	$	1,620
2021	6,896		1,620
2022	7,007		859
2023	7,050		—
2024	7,408		—
Thereafter	57,884		—
Total lease payments	90,026		4,099
Less: imputed interest	(41,774)		(277)
Total	$	48,252	$	3,822

A summary of our future minimum lease commitments and other commitments by year as of December 31, 2018 was as follows (in thousands):


	Office Leases		Equipment Leases		Lease Related Commitments
2019	$	6,985	$	216	$	29,587
2020	6,371		22		—
2021	8,331		—		—
2022	6,939		—		—
2023	6,987		—		—
Thereafter	65,151		—		—
	100,764		238		29,587
Less: tenant improvement allowance	—		—		(14,441)
Total	$	100,764	$	238	$	15,146

Other Commitments

We also have entered into a non-cancellable agreement for the use of technology that is integral in the development of our software and pay annual royalty fees of $0.3 million.

Letters of Credit

Selected Quarterly Information (Unaudited)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Selected Quarterly Information (Unaudited)

The following table sets forth unaudited quarterly consolidated statement of operations data for each of the eight quarters in 2019 and 2018. The information for each of these quarters has been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In our opinion, the quarterly financial data reflects all adjustments, which consist only of normal recurring adjustments that we consider necessary for a fair presentation of this data. The quarterly financial data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These quarterly results are not necessarily indicative of our operating results to be expected in the future.


	Three Months Ended
	Dec 31, 2019		Sep 30, 2019		Jun 30, 2019		Mar 31, 2019		Dec 31, 2018		Sep 30, 2018		Jun 30, 2018		Mar 31, 2018
	(in thousands)
	(unaudited)
Consolidated Statements of
Operations Data:
Revenue: ⁽¹⁾
Subscriptions	$	42,108	$	37,774	$	36,860	$	34,557	$	35,108	$	30,905	$	33,047	$	26,952
Professional services	26,510		28,381		28,415		25,747		25,108		24,043		26,836		24,744
Total revenue	68,618		66,155		65,275		60,304		60,216		54,948		59,883		51,696
Cost of revenue:
Subscriptions	4,993		4,484		4,036		3,585		3,284		3,261		2,824		2,628
Professional services	17,780		19,467		19,015		20,481		18,926		16,831		18,750		18,421
Total cost of revenue	22,773		23,951		23,051		24,066		22,210		20,092		21,574		21,049
Gross profit	45,845		42,204		42,224		36,238		38,006		34,856		38,309		30,647
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	31,254		27,603		29,992		28,591		30,177		25,467		27,384		22,964
Research and development	15,625		15,697		12,765		13,956		12,332		11,737		10,785		9,870
General and administrative	12,028		11,191		9,261		9,016		8,799		12,537		8,425		8,060
Total operating expenses	58,907		54,491		52,018		51,563		51,308		49,741		46,594		40,894
Operating loss	(13,062)		(12,287)		(9,794)		(15,325)		(13,302)		(14,885)		(8,285)		(10,247)
Other (income) expense:
Other (income) expense, net	(2,822)		2,262		(79)		(302)		510		110		2,593		(918)
Interest expense	131		96		69		71		64		67		54		13
Total other (income) expense	(2,691)		2,358		(10)		(231)		574		177		2,647		(905)
Loss before income taxes	(10,371)		(14,645)		(9,784)		(15,094)		(13,876)		(15,062)		(10,932)		(9,342)
Income tax expense (benefit)	426		5		267		122		27		(34)		35		211
Net loss ⁽²⁾	$	(10,797)	$	(14,650)	$	(10,051)	$	(15,216)	$	(13,903)	$	(15,028)	$	(10,967)	$	(9,553)

(1) The revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019, June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2019 have been adjusted from

previously reported revenue as a result of the adoption of ASC 606. Refer to the tables below for a reconciliation of 2019

quarterly revenue.

(2) In the third quarter of 2018, we recorded $4.5 million of cumulative stock-based compensation expense upon the

vesting of an option previously granted to our Chief Executive Officer in 2016. See Note 7 for further discussion of

stock-based compensation expense.

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of PresentationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements and footnotes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) as contained in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (the “Codification” or “ASC”)

Use of Estimates

Significant estimates embedded in the consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, income taxes and the related valuation allowance and stock-based compensation.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Appian and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Revenue Recognition and Cost of Revenue

Revenue Recognition

The following table summarizes revenue from contracts with customers for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31, 2019
SaaS subscriptions	$	95,028
Term license subscriptions	40,428
Maintenance and support	15,843
Professional services	109,053
Total revenue	$	260,352

Performance Obligations and Timing of Revenue Recognition

Subscriptions Revenue

Subscriptions revenue is primarily related to (1) SaaS subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services and (2) term license subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support.

SaaS Subscriptions

Term License Subscriptions

Maintenance and Support

Professional Services

Consulting Services

Training Services

Significant Judgments and Estimates

Determine the Transaction Price

Allocating the Transaction Price Based on Standalone Selling Prices

Contract Balances

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

Transition Disclosures

Consolidated Balance Sheets - Reconciliation of the Impacts from the Adoption of the New Revenue Recognition Standard

The following table summarizes the impacts from the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2019								2018
	As Reported (ASC 606)		Impacts from Adoption		Without Adoption (ASC 605)		As Reported (ASC 605)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	159,755	$	—	$	159,755	$	94,930
Accounts receivable, net of allowance	70,408		—		70,408		79,383
Deferred commissions, current	14,543		(6,061)		20,604		14,020
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	32,955		16,343		16,612		21,293
Total current assets	277,661		10,282		267,379		209,626
Property and equipment, net	39,554		—		39,554		7,539
Operating right-of-use asset	24,205		—		24,205		—
Deferred commissions, net of current portion	28,979		15,780		13,199		15,088
Deferred tax assets	494		—		494		326
Other assets	592		—		592		601
Total assets	371,485		26,062		345,423		233,180
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	5,222	$	—	$	5,222	$	9,249
Accrued expenses	7,488		—		7,488		7,464
Accrued compensation and related benefits	10,691		—		10,691		13,796
Deferred revenue, current	82,201		(28,985)		111,186		95,523
Operating lease liability, current	3,836		—		3,836		—
Finance lease liability, current	1,447		—		1,447		—
Other current liabilities	1,395		—		1,395		2,369
Total current liabilities	112,280		(28,985)		141,265		128,401
Operating lease liability, net of current portion	44,416		—		44,416		—
Finance lease liability, net of current portion	2,375		—		2,375		—
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	7,139		(4,891)		12,030		16,145
Deferred tax liabilities	38		—		38		42
Deferred rent, net of current portion	—		—		—		15,400
Total liabilities	166,248		(33,876)		200,124		159,988
Stockholders’ equity
Class A common stock	3		—		3		3
Class B common stock	3		—		3		3
Additional paid-in capital	340,929		—		340,929		218,284
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(285)		320		(605)		542
Accumulated deficit	(135,413)		59,618		(195,031)		(145,640)
Total stockholders’ equity	205,237		59,938		145,299		73,192
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	371,485	26,062		$	345,423	$	233,180

•Prepaid expenses and other current assets increased $16.3 million and total deferred revenue decreased $33.9 million due to the change in timing of when we recognize revenue under ASC 606.

Consolidated Statements of Operations - Reconciliation of the Impacts from the Adoption of the New Revenue Recognition Standard

The following table summarizes the impacts from the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard on our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019								2018
	As Reported (ASC 606)		Impacts from Adoption		Without Adoption (ASC 605)		As Reported (ASC 605)
Revenue:
Subscriptions	$	151,299	$	(8,786)	$	160,085	$	126,012
Professional services	109,053		2,791		106,262		100,731
Total revenue	260,352		(5,995)		266,347		226,743
Cost of revenue:
Subscriptions	17,098		—		17,098		11,997
Professional services	76,743		—		76,743		72,928
Total cost of revenue	93,841		—		93,841		84,925
Gross profit	166,511		(5,995)		172,506		141,818
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	117,440		(4,625)		122,065		105,992
Research and development	58,043		—		58,043		44,724
General and administrative	41,496		—		41,496		37,821
Total operating expenses	216,979		(4,625)		221,604		188,537
Operating loss	(50,468)		(1,370)		(49,098)		(46,719)
Other (income) expense:
Other (income) expense, net	(941)		(47)		(894)		2,295
Interest expense	367		—		367		198
Total other (income) expense	(574)		(47)		(527)		2,493
Loss before income taxes	(49,894)		(1,323)		(48,571)		(49,212)
Income tax expense	820		—		820		239
Net loss	$	(50,714)	$	(1,323)	$	(49,391)	$	(49,451)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.77)	$	(0.02)	$	(0.75)	$	(0.80)

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - Reconciliation of the Impacts from the Adoption of the New Revenue Recognition Standard


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019								2018
	As Reported (ASC 606)		Impacts from Adoption		Without Adoption (ASC 605)		As Reported (ASC 605)
Net loss	$	(50,714)	$	(1,323)	$	(49,391)	$	(49,451)
Comprehensive loss, net of income taxes:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(827)		115		(942)		103
Total other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes	$	(51,541)	$	(1,208)	$	(50,333)	$	(49,348)

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Reconciliation of the Impacts from the Adoption of the New Revenue Recognition Standard

The following table summarizes the impacts from the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard on our consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019								2018
	As Reported (ASC 606)		Impacts from Adoption		Without Adoption (ASC 605)		As Reported (ASC 605)
Net loss	$	(50,714)	$	(1,323)	$	(49,391)	$	(49,451)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	4,742		—		4,742		2,021
Loss (gain) on disposal of equipment	146		—		146		(4)
Bad debt expense	99		—		99		211
Deferred income taxes	(334)		—		(334)		(218)
Stock-based compensation	16,443		—		16,443		16,054
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	7,432		—		7,432		(23,332)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	8,972		4,313		4,659		(1,025)
Deferred commissions	(9,319)		(4,625)		(4,694)		(7,615)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(4,039)		—		(4,039)		7,461
Accrued compensation and related benefits	(3,072)		—		(3,072)		(3)
Other current liabilities	1,318		—		1,318		1,823
Deferred revenue	12,573		1,717		10,856		23,023
Operating lease liabilities	6,827		—		6,827		—
Deferred rent, non-current	—		—		—		(266)
Net cash used in operating activities	(8,926)		82		(9,008)		(31,321)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(32,421)		—		(32,421)		(7,014)
Proceeds from sale of equipment	—		—		—		4
Net cash used in investing activities	(32,421)		—		(32,421)		(7,010)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from public offering, net of underwriting discounts	101,653		—		101,653		58,258
Payment of costs related to public offerings	(350)		—		(350)		(429)
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options	4,899		—		4,899		3,133
Principal payments on finance lease obligations	(653)		—		(653)		—
Net cash provided by financing activities	105,549		—		105,549		60,962
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	623		(82)		705		(1,459)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	64,825		—		64,825		21,172
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	94,930		—		94,930		73,758
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	159,755	—		$	159,755	$	94,930

Legacy Revenue Accounting Policy

Subscriptions Revenue

Subscriptions revenue is primarily related to (1) SaaS subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services and (2) term license subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support.

SaaS Subscriptions

Term License Subscriptions

Our term license subscription revenue is derived from customers with on-premises installations of our platform pursuant to contracts that were historically one to three years in length. The majority of recent contracts are one year in length. Customers with term license subscriptions have the right to use our software and receive maintenance and support. Since we do not sell maintenance and support separately from the subscription, revenue for the term license subscription and maintenance and support is recognized ratably over the term of the subscription, upon delivery of the platform to the customer when sold on a standalone basis.

Professional Services

Multiple Element Arrangements

SaaS Subscriptions

Term License Subscriptions

Cost of Revenue

Subscriptions

Professional Services

Concentration of Credit and Customer Risk

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash EquivalentsWe consider all highly liquid investments with an original or remaining maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase, as well as overnight repurchase investments, to be cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Non-Trade Receivables

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Balance as of January 1	$	600	$	400	$	400
Additions	99		211		62
Less write-offs, net of recoveries	(99)		(11)		(62)
Balance as of December 31	$	600	$	600	$	400

Non-trade Receivables

Assets Recognized from the Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer

Amortization expense associated with commission expense is recorded to sales and marketing costs in our consolidated statements of operations.

Property and Equipment

Property and EquipmentProperty and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Significant additions or improvements extending the useful life of an asset are capitalized, while repairs and maintenance costs which do not significantly improve the related assets or extend their useful lives are charged to expense as incurred.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived AssetsLong-lived assets and certain intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable through undiscounted cash flows from the use of the assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

•Level 1. Observable inputs based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2. Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

•Level 3. Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, which require us to develop our own assumptions.

Leases

Stock-Based Compensation

Basic and Diluted Loss per Common Share

Income Taxes

Segment Reporting

Segment ReportingOperating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. Our CODM is our chief executive officer, who reviews financial information presented on a companywide basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. As such, our operations constitute a single operating segment and one reportable segment.

Foreign Currency

period. Assets and liabilities are translated at the closing rates on the balance sheet date. Gains and losses on translation of these accounts are accumulated and reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity and other comprehensive income. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are recognized in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations as a component of other expense, net.

Research and Development

Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses include payroll, employee benefits, and other headcount-related costs associated with product development. Our product utilizes a common codebase, whether accessed by customers via the cloud or via an on-premises installation. Since our software is sold and licensed externally, we consider our software as external-use software for purposes of applying the capitalized software development guidance. Product development costs are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has been established, which we define as the completion of all planning, designing, coding and testing activities that are necessary to establish products that meet design specifications including functions, features and technical performance requirements. We have determined that technological feasibility for our software products is reached shortly before they are released for sale. Costs incurred after technological feasibility is established are not significant, and accordingly we expense all research and development costs when incurred.

Advertising

AdvertisingWe expense advertising costs as they are incurred.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Adopted

Not Yet Adopted

to adopt the new guidance prospectively or retrospectively. We do not expect the standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Revenue by Services

The following table summarizes revenue from contracts with customers for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31, 2019
SaaS subscriptions	$	95,028
Term license subscriptions	40,428
Maintenance and support	15,843
Professional services	109,053
Total revenue	$	260,352


	Quarter Ended March 31, 2019
	As Reported (ASC 606)		Impacts from Adoption		Without Adoption (ASC 605)
	(in thousands)
	(unaudited)
SaaS subscriptions	$	21,278	$	667	$	20,611
Term license subscriptions	9,557		(3,417)		12,974
Maintenance and support	3,722		2,398		1,324
Professional services	25,747		1,077		24,670
Total revenue	$	60,304	$	725	$	59,579


	Quarter Ended June 30, 2019
	As Reported (ASC 606)		Impacts from Adoption		Without Adoption (ASC 605)
	(in thousands)
	(unaudited)
SaaS subscriptions	$	22,796	$	782	$	22,014
Term license subscriptions	10,103		(5,908)		16,011
Maintenance and support	3,961		2,727		1,234
Professional services	28,415		763		27,652
Total revenue	$	65,275	$	(1,636)	$	66,911


	Quarter Ended September 30, 2019
	As Reported (ASC 606)		Impacts from Adoption		Without Adoption (ASC 605)
	(in thousands)
	(unaudited)
SaaS subscriptions	$	24,573	$	914	$	23,659
Term license subscriptions	9,199		(7,577)		16,776
Maintenance and support	4,002		2,838		1,164
Professional services	28,381		593		27,788
Total revenue	$	66,155	$	(3,232)	$	69,387


	Quarter Ended December 31, 2019
	As Reported (ASC 606)		Impacts from Adoption		Without Adoption (ASC 605)
	(in thousands)
	(unaudited)
SaaS subscriptions	$	26,381	$	559	$	25,822
Term license subscriptions	11,569		(5,687)		17,256
Maintenance and support	4,158		2,918		1,240
Professional services	26,510		358		26,152
Total revenue	$	68,618	$	(1,852)	$	70,470

Summary of Impacts from the Adoption of ASC 606

The following table summarizes the impacts from the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2019								2018
	As Reported (ASC 606)		Impacts from Adoption		Without Adoption (ASC 605)		As Reported (ASC 605)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	159,755	$	—	$	159,755	$	94,930
Accounts receivable, net of allowance	70,408		—		70,408		79,383
Deferred commissions, current	14,543		(6,061)		20,604		14,020
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	32,955		16,343		16,612		21,293
Total current assets	277,661		10,282		267,379		209,626
Property and equipment, net	39,554		—		39,554		7,539
Operating right-of-use asset	24,205		—		24,205		—
Deferred commissions, net of current portion	28,979		15,780		13,199		15,088
Deferred tax assets	494		—		494		326
Other assets	592		—		592		601
Total assets	371,485		26,062		345,423		233,180
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	5,222	$	—	$	5,222	$	9,249
Accrued expenses	7,488		—		7,488		7,464
Accrued compensation and related benefits	10,691		—		10,691		13,796
Deferred revenue, current	82,201		(28,985)		111,186		95,523
Operating lease liability, current	3,836		—		3,836		—
Finance lease liability, current	1,447		—		1,447		—
Other current liabilities	1,395		—		1,395		2,369
Total current liabilities	112,280		(28,985)		141,265		128,401
Operating lease liability, net of current portion	44,416		—		44,416		—
Finance lease liability, net of current portion	2,375		—		2,375		—
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	7,139		(4,891)		12,030		16,145
Deferred tax liabilities	38		—		38		42
Deferred rent, net of current portion	—		—		—		15,400
Total liabilities	166,248		(33,876)		200,124		159,988
Stockholders’ equity
Class A common stock	3		—		3		3
Class B common stock	3		—		3		3
Additional paid-in capital	340,929		—		340,929		218,284
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(285)		320		(605)		542
Accumulated deficit	(135,413)		59,618		(195,031)		(145,640)
Total stockholders’ equity	205,237		59,938		145,299		73,192
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	371,485	26,062		$	345,423	$	233,180

•Prepaid expenses and other current assets increased $16.3 million and total deferred revenue decreased $33.9 million due to the change in timing of when we recognize revenue under ASC 606.

The following table summarizes the impacts from the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard on our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019								2018
	As Reported (ASC 606)		Impacts from Adoption		Without Adoption (ASC 605)		As Reported (ASC 605)
Revenue:
Subscriptions	$	151,299	$	(8,786)	$	160,085	$	126,012
Professional services	109,053		2,791		106,262		100,731
Total revenue	260,352		(5,995)		266,347		226,743
Cost of revenue:
Subscriptions	17,098		—		17,098		11,997
Professional services	76,743		—		76,743		72,928
Total cost of revenue	93,841		—		93,841		84,925
Gross profit	166,511		(5,995)		172,506		141,818
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	117,440		(4,625)		122,065		105,992
Research and development	58,043		—		58,043		44,724
General and administrative	41,496		—		41,496		37,821
Total operating expenses	216,979		(4,625)		221,604		188,537
Operating loss	(50,468)		(1,370)		(49,098)		(46,719)
Other (income) expense:
Other (income) expense, net	(941)		(47)		(894)		2,295
Interest expense	367		—		367		198
Total other (income) expense	(574)		(47)		(527)		2,493
Loss before income taxes	(49,894)		(1,323)		(48,571)		(49,212)
Income tax expense	820		—		820		239
Net loss	$	(50,714)	$	(1,323)	$	(49,391)	$	(49,451)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.77)	$	(0.02)	$	(0.75)	$	(0.80)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019								2018
	As Reported (ASC 606)		Impacts from Adoption		Without Adoption (ASC 605)		As Reported (ASC 605)
Net loss	$	(50,714)	$	(1,323)	$	(49,391)	$	(49,451)
Comprehensive loss, net of income taxes:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(827)		115		(942)		103
Total other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes	$	(51,541)	$	(1,208)	$	(50,333)	$	(49,348)

The following table summarizes the impacts from the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard on our consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019								2018
	As Reported (ASC 606)		Impacts from Adoption		Without Adoption (ASC 605)		As Reported (ASC 605)
Net loss	$	(50,714)	$	(1,323)	$	(49,391)	$	(49,451)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	4,742		—		4,742		2,021
Loss (gain) on disposal of equipment	146		—		146		(4)
Bad debt expense	99		—		99		211
Deferred income taxes	(334)		—		(334)		(218)
Stock-based compensation	16,443		—		16,443		16,054
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	7,432		—		7,432		(23,332)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	8,972		4,313		4,659		(1,025)
Deferred commissions	(9,319)		(4,625)		(4,694)		(7,615)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(4,039)		—		(4,039)		7,461
Accrued compensation and related benefits	(3,072)		—		(3,072)		(3)
Other current liabilities	1,318		—		1,318		1,823
Deferred revenue	12,573		1,717		10,856		23,023
Operating lease liabilities	6,827		—		6,827		—
Deferred rent, non-current	—		—		—		(266)
Net cash used in operating activities	(8,926)		82		(9,008)		(31,321)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(32,421)		—		(32,421)		(7,014)
Proceeds from sale of equipment	—		—		—		4
Net cash used in investing activities	(32,421)		—		(32,421)		(7,010)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from public offering, net of underwriting discounts	101,653		—		101,653		58,258
Payment of costs related to public offerings	(350)		—		(350)		(429)
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options	4,899		—		4,899		3,133
Principal payments on finance lease obligations	(653)		—		(653)		—
Net cash provided by financing activities	105,549		—		105,549		60,962
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	623		(82)		705		(1,459)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	64,825		—		64,825		21,172
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	94,930		—		94,930		73,758
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	159,755	—		$	159,755	$	94,930

Schedule of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Activity within the allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Balance as of January 1	$	600	$	400	$	400
Additions	99		211		62
Less write-offs, net of recoveries	(99)		(11)		(62)
Balance as of December 31	$	600	$	600	$	400

Summary of Capitalized Contract Costs

The following table summarizes the activity of costs to obtain a contract with a customer for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31, 2019
Balance as of January 1	$	29,108
Adoption of ASC 606	5,094
Additional contract costs deferred	25,004
Amortization of deferred contract costs	(15,684)
Balance as of December 31	$	43,522

Property and Equipment, Useful Life


Asset Category						Useful Life (in years)
Computer software						3
Computer hardware						3
Equipment						5
Office furniture and fixtures						10
Leasehold improvements						Shorter of useful life of assets or lease term

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Income before Income Tax

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, our loss before income taxes was comprised of the following (in thousands):


	2019		2018		2017
Domestic	$	(32,091)	$	(30,663)	$	(23,093)
Foreign	(17,803)		(18,549)		(7,153)
Total	$	(49,894)	$	(49,212)	$	(30,246)

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, our income tax expense (benefit) was comprised of the following (in thousands):


	2019		2018		2017
Current:
Federal	$	3	$	—	$	(65)
State	60		25		68
Foreign	1,091		432		1,009
Total current expense	1,154		457		1,012
Deferred:
Federal	—		—		(42)
State	—		—		—
Foreign	(334)		(218)		(209)
Total deferred benefit	(334)		(218)		(251)
Total income tax expense	$	820	$	239	$	761

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation


	2019		2018		2017
U.S. federal statutory tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	34.0	%
State tax expense	7.1		7.2		4.9
Foreign rate differential	(5.1)		(5.1)		(6.7)
Nondeductible expenses	(0.7)		(0.7)		(0.9)
Equity compensation	12.0		9.5		—
Tax credits	6.5		3.9		5.8
Unrecognized tax benefits	(1.1)		(0.8)		(0.7)
Other	(0.8)		0.6		(0.3)
Remeasurement of deferred taxes	(1.6)		—		(7.0)
Change in valuation allowance	(38.9)		(36.0)		(31.6)
Total	(1.6)	%	(0.4)	%	(0.4)	%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows (in thousands):


	2019		2018
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating losses	$	34,875	$	21,059
Tax credits	8,648		5,945
Deferred revenue	1,291		4,179
Equity compensation	1,668		3,923
Lease liabilities	13,066		—
Accrued vacation	409		1,170
Deferred rent	—		373
Bad debt	164		164
Depreciation	—		151
Other	260		548
Gross deferred tax assets	60,381		37,512
Less: Valuation allowance	(35,607)		(30,039)
Total deferred tax assets	24,774		7,473
Deferred tax liabilities:
Prepaid expenses	(9,562)		(6,640)
Right-of-use assets	(6,488)		—
Unbilled receivables	(3,849)		(419)
Depreciation	(4,377)		—
Other	(42)		(130)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(24,318)		(7,189)
Net deferred tax asset	$	456	$	284

Summary of Income Tax Contingencies

The following table summarizes the activity related to our unrecognized tax benefit from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


Balance as of January 1, 2017	$	419
Additions for tax positions in current years	232
Additions for tax positions in prior years	—
Reductions due to lapse in statutes of limitations	—
Settlements	—
Balance as of December 31, 2017	651
Additions for tax positions in current years	388
Additions for tax positions in prior years	—
Reductions due to lapse in statutes of limitations	—
Settlements	—
Balance as of December 31, 2018	1,039
Additions for tax positions in current years	536
Additions for tax positions in prior years	—
Reductions due to lapse in statutes of limitations	—
Settlements	—
Balance as of December 31, 2019	$	1,575

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Summary of Assumptions Used to Estimate the Fair Value of Stock Options Granted

The following table summarizes the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:


	2019	2018	2017
Risk-free interest rate	2.1%	*	1.9% - 2.2%
Expected term (in years)	2.6	*	6.5
Expected volatility	55.0%	*	38.1% - 40.6%
Expected dividend yield	—%	*	—%

* Not applicable because no stock options were granted during the period.

Summary of the Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2017	6,784,448	$	4.65	6.5	$	44,259
Granted	1,256,200	11.92
Exercised	(876,121)	1.27			14,807
Canceled	(153,640)	7.29
Outstanding at December 31, 2017	7,010,887	6.36		6.6	176,122
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(1,486,218)	2.10			41,606
Canceled	(503,601)	9.51
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	5,021,068	7.30		6.4	97,440
Granted	700,000	33.98
Exercised	(1,194,471)	4.11			44,081
Canceled	(67,986)	10.17
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	4,458,611	12.30		5.8	115,501
Exercisable at December 31, 2019	2,818,731	7.51		5.7	86,536

Schedule of Restricted Stock Unit Activity

The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit activity for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested outstanding at January 1, 2017	—	$	—
Granted	738,055	22.15
Vested	(4,930)	20.24
Canceled	(1,150)	21.40
Non-vested outstanding at December 31, 2017	731,975	22.16
Granted	622,166	29.60
Vested	(143,390)	22.19
Canceled	(35,702)	23.97
Non-vested outstanding at December 31, 2018	1,175,049	26.04
Granted	436,912	40.70
Vested	(521,460)	27.81
Canceled	(67,666)	26.38
Non-vested outstanding at December 31, 2019	1,022,835	31.39

Schedule of Components of Stock-based Compensation Expense

The following table summarizes the components of our stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):


	2019		2018		2017
Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options	$	3,408	$	7,947	$	9,607
Stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units	12,667		7,714		753
Stock-based compensation expense related to the issuance of common stock to directors	368		393		222
Stock-based compensation expense related to stock option modifications	—		—		2,394
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	16,443	$	16,054	$	12,976

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense Included in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations


	2019		2018		2017
Cost of revenue
Subscriptions	$	647	$	514	$	575
Professional services	2,748		1,717		1,295
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	4,742		3,473		3,233
Research and development	3,480		2,416		2,822
General and administrative	4,826		7,934		5,051
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	16,443	$	16,054	$	12,976

Leases and Other Commitments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Components of Lease Expense

The following table sets forth the components of lease expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019
Operating lease cost	$	9,733
Finance lease costs:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	700
Interest on lease liabilities	108
Short-term lease cost	462
Variable lease cost	409
Total	$	11,412

Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases as of December 31, 2019 was as follows (in thousands, except for lease term and discount rate):


	As of
	December 31, 2019
Operating Leases
Operating ROU assets	$	24,205

Operating lease liabilities, current	$	3,836
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	44,416
Total operating lease liabilities	$	48,252

Finance Leases
Property and equipment, at cost	$	4,475
Accumulated depreciation	(703)
Property and equipment, net	$	3,772

Finance lease liabilities, current	$	1,447
Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion	2,375
Total finance lease liabilities	$	3,822

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases	11.4
Finance leases	2.5

Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases	9.8		%
Finance leases	5.5		%

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the year ended December 31, 2019 was as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows for operating leases	$	6,413
Operating cash outflows for finance leases	108
Financing cash outflows for finance leases	653
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	523
Finance leases	4,475

Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities

The maturities of lease liabilities under non-cancelable operating and finance leases as of December 31, 2019 was as follows (in thousands):


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2020	$	3,781	$	1,620
2021	6,896		1,620
2022	7,007		859
2023	7,050		—
2024	7,408		—
Thereafter	57,884		—
Total lease payments	90,026		4,099
Less: imputed interest	(41,774)		(277)
Total	$	48,252	$	3,822

Maturities of Finance Lease Liabilities

The maturities of lease liabilities under non-cancelable operating and finance leases as of December 31, 2019 was as follows (in thousands):


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2020	$	3,781	$	1,620
2021	6,896		1,620
2022	7,007		859
2023	7,050		—
2024	7,408		—
Thereafter	57,884		—
Total lease payments	90,026		4,099
Less: imputed interest	(41,774)		(277)
Total	$	48,252	$	3,822

Summary of Future Minimum Gross and Net Lease Commitments

A summary of our future minimum lease commitments and other commitments by year as of December 31, 2018 was as follows (in thousands):


	Office Leases		Equipment Leases		Lease Related Commitments
2019	$	6,985	$	216	$	29,587
2020	6,371		22		—
2021	8,331		—		—
2022	6,939		—		—
2023	6,987		—		—
Thereafter	65,151		—		—
	100,764		238		29,587
Less: tenant improvement allowance	—		—		(14,441)
Total	$	100,764	$	238	$	15,146

Selected Quarterly Information (Unaudited) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Quarterly Financial Information

These quarterly results are not necessarily indicative of our operating results to be expected in the future.


	Three Months Ended
	Dec 31, 2019		Sep 30, 2019		Jun 30, 2019		Mar 31, 2019		Dec 31, 2018		Sep 30, 2018		Jun 30, 2018		Mar 31, 2018
	(in thousands)
	(unaudited)
Consolidated Statements of
Operations Data:
Revenue: ⁽¹⁾
Subscriptions	$	42,108	$	37,774	$	36,860	$	34,557	$	35,108	$	30,905	$	33,047	$	26,952
Professional services	26,510		28,381		28,415		25,747		25,108		24,043		26,836		24,744
Total revenue	68,618		66,155		65,275		60,304		60,216		54,948		59,883		51,696
Cost of revenue:
Subscriptions	4,993		4,484		4,036		3,585		3,284		3,261		2,824		2,628
Professional services	17,780		19,467		19,015		20,481		18,926		16,831		18,750		18,421
Total cost of revenue	22,773		23,951		23,051		24,066		22,210		20,092		21,574		21,049
Gross profit	45,845		42,204		42,224		36,238		38,006		34,856		38,309		30,647
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	31,254		27,603		29,992		28,591		30,177		25,467		27,384		22,964
Research and development	15,625		15,697		12,765		13,956		12,332		11,737		10,785		9,870
General and administrative	12,028		11,191		9,261		9,016		8,799		12,537		8,425		8,060
Total operating expenses	58,907		54,491		52,018		51,563		51,308		49,741		46,594		40,894
Operating loss	(13,062)		(12,287)		(9,794)		(15,325)		(13,302)		(14,885)		(8,285)		(10,247)
Other (income) expense:
Other (income) expense, net	(2,822)		2,262		(79)		(302)		510		110		2,593		(918)
Interest expense	131		96		69		71		64		67		54		13
Total other (income) expense	(2,691)		2,358		(10)		(231)		574		177		2,647		(905)
Loss before income taxes	(10,371)		(14,645)		(9,784)		(15,094)		(13,876)		(15,062)		(10,932)		(9,342)
Income tax expense (benefit)	426		5		267		122		27		(34)		35		211
Net loss ⁽²⁾	$	(10,797)	$	(14,650)	$	(10,051)	$	(15,216)	$	(13,903)	$	(15,028)	$	(10,967)	$	(9,553)

(1) The revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019, June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2019 have been adjusted from

previously reported revenue as a result of the adoption of ASC 606. Refer to the tables below for a reconciliation of 2019

quarterly revenue.

(2) In the third quarter of 2018, we recorded $4.5 million of cumulative stock-based compensation expense upon the

vesting of an option previously granted to our Chief Executive Officer in 2016. See Note 7 for further discussion of

stock-based compensation expense.

Summary of Revenue by Services

The following table summarizes revenue from contracts with customers for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31, 2019
SaaS subscriptions	$	95,028
Term license subscriptions	40,428
Maintenance and support	15,843
Professional services	109,053
Total revenue	$	260,352


	Quarter Ended March 31, 2019
	As Reported (ASC 606)		Impacts from Adoption		Without Adoption (ASC 605)
	(in thousands)
	(unaudited)
SaaS subscriptions	$	21,278	$	667	$	20,611
Term license subscriptions	9,557		(3,417)		12,974
Maintenance and support	3,722		2,398		1,324
Professional services	25,747		1,077		24,670
Total revenue	$	60,304	$	725	$	59,579


	Quarter Ended June 30, 2019
	As Reported (ASC 606)		Impacts from Adoption		Without Adoption (ASC 605)
	(in thousands)
	(unaudited)
SaaS subscriptions	$	22,796	$	782	$	22,014
Term license subscriptions	10,103		(5,908)		16,011
Maintenance and support	3,961		2,727		1,234
Professional services	28,415		763		27,652
Total revenue	$	65,275	$	(1,636)	$	66,911


	Quarter Ended September 30, 2019
	As Reported (ASC 606)		Impacts from Adoption		Without Adoption (ASC 605)
	(in thousands)
	(unaudited)
SaaS subscriptions	$	24,573	$	914	$	23,659
Term license subscriptions	9,199		(7,577)		16,776
Maintenance and support	4,002		2,838		1,164
Professional services	28,381		593		27,788
Total revenue	$	66,155	$	(3,232)	$	69,387


	Quarter Ended December 31, 2019
	As Reported (ASC 606)		Impacts from Adoption		Without Adoption (ASC 605)
	(in thousands)
	(unaudited)
SaaS subscriptions	$	26,381	$	559	$	25,822
Term license subscriptions	11,569		(5,687)		17,256
Maintenance and support	4,158		2,918		1,240
Professional services	26,510		358		26,152
Total revenue	$	68,618	$	(1,852)	$	70,470

Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended				12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Aug. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Nov. 30, 2017 $ / shares shares	May 31, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) agency segment	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) agency	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) agency	Feb. 28, 2019 USD ($)	Jan. 01, 2019 USD ($)	Oct. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts					$ 0	$ 0	$ 80,213
Deferred offering costs				$ 2,400
Contract assets balances					22,800				$ 25,800
Contract liabilities revenue recognized					66,600
Unsatisfied performance obligations					175,800
Tenant improvement allowance receivable					0	14,400				$ 15,800
Additional tenant improvement allowance receivable								$ 2,600
Tenant improvement allowance received					$ 17,000
Capitalized contract cost, amortization period					5 years
Commission expense					$ 15,684	15,600	11,800
Number of operating segments \| segment					1
Number of reportable segments \| segment					1
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses)					$ (200)	(3,000)	2,600
Advertising expense					4,100	3,900	$ 3,000
Adjustment to accumulated deficit					(135,413)	$ (145,640)
Adoption of ASC 606					5,094
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Adjustment to accumulated deficit									(55,800)
Decrease in total deferred revenue									(35,400)
Addition of contract asset									20,400
Adoption of ASC 606					$ 5,100
Total lease liability recognized upon adoption									51,400
ROU assets recognized upon adoption									$ 33,800
Customer Concentration Risk \| Sales Revenue, Net \| Foreign Customers
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage					32.30%	28.70%	27.00%
Customer Concentration Risk \| Sales Revenue, Net \| Government Agencies
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage					17.10%	15.70%	15.40%
Customer Concentration Risk \| Sales Revenue, Net \| Federal Government Agencies
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage					7.40%	7.80%	8.40%
Number of federal government agencies \| agency					3	3	3
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-01-01
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Unsatisfied performance obligations					$ 153,700
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, period					24 months
Minimum
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
SaaS Subscriptions contracts term					1 year
Term license subscription contracts term					1 year
Maximum
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
SaaS Subscriptions contracts term					3 years
Term license subscription contracts term					3 years
Class A Common Stock
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of shares issued in public offering (in shares) \| shares		2,000,000
Sale of stock, offering price (in usd per share) \| $ / shares		$ 35.15
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts				$ 77,800
Number of shares issued by the company in public offering (in shares) \| shares		1,675,000
Number of shares issued by sharesholders in public offering (in shares) \| shares		325,000
Net proceeds from public offering		$ 57,800
Initial Public Offering \| Class A Common Stock
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of shares issued in public offering (in shares) \| shares				7,187,500
Sale of stock, offering price (in usd per share) \| $ / shares				$ 12.00
Secondary Offering \| Class A Common Stock
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of shares issued in public offering (in shares) \| shares			4,370,000
Sale of stock, offering price (in usd per share) \| $ / shares			$ 20.25
Public Offering \| Class A Common Stock
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of shares issued in public offering (in shares) \| shares	2,329,000
Sale of stock, offering price (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 55.70
Number of shares issued by the company in public offering (in shares) \| shares	1,825,000
Number of shares issued by sharesholders in public offering (in shares) \| shares	504,000
Net proceeds from public offering	$ 101,300
Computer software
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life					3 years
Computer hardware
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life					3 years
Equipment
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life					5 years
Office furniture and fixtures
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life					10 years

Significant Accounting Policies - Impacts on Balance Sheets from the Adoption of ASC 606 (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 159,755		$ 94,930
Accounts receivable, net of allowance	70,408		79,383
Deferred commissions, current	14,543		14,020
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	32,955		21,293
Total current assets	277,661		209,626
Property and equipment, net	39,554
Operating right-of-use asset	24,205
Deferred commissions, net of current portion	28,979		15,088
Deferred tax assets	494		326
Other assets	592		601
Total assets	371,485		233,180
Accounts payable	5,222		9,249
Accrued expenses	7,488		7,464
Accrued compensation and related benefits	10,691		13,796
Deferred revenue, current	82,201		95,523
Operating lease liability, current	3,836
Finance lease liability, current	1,447
Other current liabilities	1,395		2,369
Total current liabilities	112,280		128,401
Operating lease liability, net of current portion	44,416
Finance lease liability, net of current portion	2,375
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	7,139		16,145
Deferred tax liabilities	38		42
Deferred rent, net of current portion	0		15,400
Total liabilities	166,248		159,988
Additional paid-in capital	340,929		218,284
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(285)		542
Accumulated deficit	(135,413)		(145,640)
Total stockholders’ equity	205,237		73,192	$ 45,524	$ (63,492)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	371,485		233,180
Increase in total deferred commissions	43,522		29,108
Class A Common Stock
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Common stock	3		3
Class B Common Stock
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Common stock	3		$ 3
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	159,755
Accounts receivable, net of allowance	70,408
Deferred commissions, current	20,604
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	16,612
Total current assets	267,379
Property and equipment, net	39,554
Operating right-of-use asset	24,205
Deferred commissions, net of current portion	13,199
Deferred tax assets	494
Other assets	592
Total assets	345,423
Accounts payable	5,222
Accrued expenses	7,488
Accrued compensation and related benefits	10,691
Deferred revenue, current	111,186
Operating lease liability, current	3,836
Finance lease liability, current	1,447
Other current liabilities	1,395
Total current liabilities	141,265
Operating lease liability, net of current portion	44,416
Finance lease liability, net of current portion	2,375
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	12,030
Deferred tax liabilities	38
Deferred rent, net of current portion	0
Total liabilities	200,124
Additional paid-in capital	340,929
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(605)
Accumulated deficit	(195,031)
Total stockholders’ equity	145,299
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	345,423
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 \| Class A Common Stock
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Common stock	3
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 \| Class B Common Stock
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Common stock	3
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit		$ (55,800)
Decrease in total deferred revenue		$ (35,400)
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 \| Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	0
Accounts receivable, net of allowance	0
Deferred commissions, current	(6,061)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	16,343
Total current assets	10,282
Property and equipment, net	0
Operating right-of-use asset	0
Deferred commissions, net of current portion	15,780
Deferred tax assets	0
Other assets	0
Total assets	26,062
Accounts payable	0
Accrued expenses	0
Accrued compensation and related benefits	0
Deferred revenue, current	(28,985)
Operating lease liability, current	0
Finance lease liability, current	0
Other current liabilities	0
Total current liabilities	(28,985)
Operating lease liability, net of current portion	0
Finance lease liability, net of current portion	0
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	(4,891)
Deferred tax liabilities	0
Deferred rent, net of current portion	0
Total liabilities	(33,876)
Additional paid-in capital	0
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	320
Accumulated deficit	59,618
Total stockholders’ equity	59,938
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	26,062
Increase in total deferred commissions	9,700
Decrease in total deferred revenue	(33,900)
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 \| Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606 \| Class A Common Stock
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Common stock	0
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 \| Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606 \| Class B Common Stock
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Common stock	$ 0

Significant Accounting Policies - Impacts on Statements of Operations from the Adoption of ASC 606 (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 68,618	$ 66,155	$ 65,275	$ 60,304	$ 60,216	$ 54,948	$ 59,883	$ 51,696	$ 260,352	$ 226,743	$ 176,737
Total cost of revenue	22,773	23,951	23,051	24,066	22,210	20,092	21,574	21,049	93,841	84,925	64,597
Gross profit	45,845	42,204	42,224	36,238	38,006	34,856	38,309	30,647	166,511	141,818	112,140
Sales and marketing	31,254	27,603	29,992	28,591	30,177	25,467	27,384	22,964	117,440	105,992	81,966
Research and development	15,625	15,697	12,765	13,956	12,332	11,737	10,785	9,870	58,043	44,724	34,835
General and administrative	12,028	11,191	9,261	9,016	8,799	12,537	8,425	8,060	41,496	37,821	27,150
Total operating expenses	58,907	54,491	52,018	51,563	51,308	49,741	46,594	40,894	216,979	188,537	143,951
Operating loss	(13,062)	(12,287)	(9,794)	(15,325)	(13,302)	(14,885)	(8,285)	(10,247)	(50,468)	(46,719)	(31,811)
Other (income) expense, net	(2,822)	2,262	(79)	(302)	510	110	2,593	(918)	(941)	2,295	(2,038)
Interest expense	131	96	69	71	64	67	54	13	367	198	473
Total other (income) expense	(2,691)	2,358	(10)	(231)	574	177	2,647	(905)	(574)	2,493	(1,565)
Loss before income taxes	(10,371)	(14,645)	(9,784)	(15,094)	(13,876)	(15,062)	(10,932)	(9,342)	(49,894)	(49,212)	(30,246)
Income tax expense	426	5	267	122	27	(34)	35	211	820	239	761
Net loss	(10,797)	(14,650)	(10,051)	(15,216)	(13,903)	(15,028)	(10,967)	(9,553)	$ (50,714)	$ (49,451)	$ (31,007)
Basic and diluted (in usd per share)									$ (0.77)	$ (0.80)	$ (0.63)
Subscriptions
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total revenue	42,108	37,774	36,860	34,557	35,108	30,905	33,047	26,952	$ 151,299	$ 126,012	$ 91,514
Total cost of revenue	4,993	4,484	4,036	3,585	3,284	3,261	2,824	2,628	17,098	11,997	9,379
Professional services
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total revenue	26,510	28,381	28,415	25,747	25,108	24,043	26,836	24,744	109,053	100,731	85,223
Total cost of revenue	17,780	19,467	19,015	20,481	$ 18,926	$ 16,831	$ 18,750	$ 18,421	76,743	$ 72,928	$ 55,218
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total revenue	70,470	69,387	66,911	59,579					266,347
Total cost of revenue									93,841
Gross profit									172,506
Sales and marketing									122,065
Research and development									58,043
General and administrative									41,496
Total operating expenses									221,604
Operating loss									(49,098)
Other (income) expense, net									(894)
Interest expense									367
Total other (income) expense									(527)
Loss before income taxes									(48,571)
Income tax expense									820
Net loss									$ (49,391)
Basic and diluted (in usd per share)									$ (0.75)
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 \| Subscriptions
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total revenue									$ 160,085
Total cost of revenue									17,098
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 \| Professional services
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total revenue	26,152	27,788	27,652	24,670					106,262
Total cost of revenue									76,743
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 \| Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total revenue	(1,852)	(3,232)	(1,636)	725					(5,995)
Total cost of revenue									0
Gross profit									(5,995)
Sales and marketing									(4,625)
Research and development									0
General and administrative									0
Total operating expenses									(4,625)
Operating loss									(1,370)
Other (income) expense, net									(47)
Interest expense									0
Total other (income) expense									(47)
Loss before income taxes									(1,323)
Income tax expense									0
Net loss									$ (1,323)
Basic and diluted (in usd per share)									$ (0.02)
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 \| Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606 \| Subscriptions
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total revenue									$ (8,786)
Total cost of revenue									0
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 \| Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606 \| Professional services
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 358	$ 593	$ 763	$ 1,077					2,791
Total cost of revenue									$ 0

Significant Accounting Policies - Impacts on Statements of Comprehensive Loss from the Adoption of ASC 606 (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net loss	$ (10,797)	$ (14,650)	$ (10,051)	$ (15,216)	$ (13,903)	$ (15,028)	$ (10,967)	$ (9,553)	$ (50,714)	$ (49,451)	$ (31,007)
Foreign currency translation adjustment									(827)	103	(891)
Total other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes									(51,541)	$ (49,348)	$ (31,898)
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net loss									(49,391)
Foreign currency translation adjustment									(942)
Total other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes									(50,333)
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 \| Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net loss									(1,323)
Foreign currency translation adjustment									115
Total other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes									$ (1,208)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References + Details

Significant Accounting Policies - Impacts on Statements of Cash Flows from the Adoption of ASC 606 (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net loss	$ (10,797)	$ (14,650)	$ (10,051)	$ (15,216)	$ (13,903)	$ (15,028)	$ (10,967)	$ (9,553)	$ (50,714)	$ (49,451)	$ (31,007)
Depreciation and amortization									4,742	2,021	886
Loss (gain) on disposal of equipment									146	(4)	0
Bad debt expense									99	211	62
Deferred income taxes									(334)	(218)	(251)
Stock-based compensation									16,443	16,054	12,976
Accounts receivable									7,432	(23,332)	(9,716)
Prepaid expenses and other assets									8,972	(1,025)	(4,162)
Deferred commissions									(9,319)	(7,615)	(3,487)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses									(4,039)	7,461	4,128
Accrued compensation and related benefits									(3,072)	(3)	2,365
Other current liabilities									1,318	1,823	383
Deferred revenue									12,573	23,023	18,344
Operating lease liabilities									6,827
Deferred rent, non-current									0	(266)	(374)
Net cash used in operating activities									(8,926)	(31,321)	(9,128)
Purchases of property and equipment									(32,421)	(7,014)	(433)
Proceeds from sale of equipment									0	4	0
Net cash used in investing activities									(32,421)	(7,010)	(433)
Proceeds from public offering, net of underwriting discounts									101,653	58,258	0
Payment of costs related to public offerings									(350)	(429)	(2,424)
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options									4,899	3,133	1,108
Principal payments on finance lease obligations									(653)
Net cash provided by financing activities									105,549	60,962	50,948
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents									623	(1,459)	1,228
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents									64,825	21,172	42,615
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period				94,930				$ 73,758	94,930	73,758	31,143
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	159,755				94,930				159,755	94,930	$ 73,758
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net loss									(49,391)
Depreciation and amortization									4,742
Loss (gain) on disposal of equipment									146
Bad debt expense									99
Deferred income taxes									(334)
Stock-based compensation									16,443
Accounts receivable									7,432
Prepaid expenses and other assets									4,659
Deferred commissions									(4,694)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses									(4,039)
Accrued compensation and related benefits									(3,072)
Other current liabilities									1,318
Deferred revenue									10,856
Operating lease liabilities									6,827
Deferred rent, non-current									0
Net cash used in operating activities									(9,008)
Purchases of property and equipment									(32,421)
Proceeds from sale of equipment									0
Net cash used in investing activities									(32,421)
Proceeds from public offering, net of underwriting discounts									101,653
Payment of costs related to public offerings									(350)
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options									4,899
Principal payments on finance lease obligations									(653)
Net cash provided by financing activities									105,549
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents									705
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents									64,825
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period				94,930					94,930
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	159,755				94,930				159,755	94,930
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 \| Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net loss									(1,323)
Depreciation and amortization									0
Loss (gain) on disposal of equipment									0
Bad debt expense									0
Deferred income taxes									0
Stock-based compensation									0
Accounts receivable									0
Prepaid expenses and other assets									4,313
Deferred commissions									(4,625)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses									0
Accrued compensation and related benefits									0
Other current liabilities									0
Deferred revenue									1,717
Operating lease liabilities									0
Deferred rent, non-current									0
Net cash used in operating activities									82
Purchases of property and equipment									0
Proceeds from sale of equipment									0
Net cash used in investing activities									0
Proceeds from public offering, net of underwriting discounts									0
Payment of costs related to public offerings									0
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options									0
Principal payments on finance lease obligations									0
Net cash provided by financing activities									0
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents									(82)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents									0
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period				$ 0					0
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$ 0				$ 0				$ 0	$ 0

Property and Equipment - Schedule of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 46,880
Property and equipment, gross		$ 15,007
Less: accumulated depreciation	(7,326)
Less: accumulated depreciation		(7,468)
Property and equipment, net	39,554
Property and equipment, net		7,539
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	37,130
Property and equipment, gross		9,958
Office furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	4,963
Property and equipment, gross		649
Computer hardware
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	3,365
Property and equipment, gross		2,535
Computer software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	1,350
Property and equipment, gross		1,727
Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 72
Property and equipment, gross		$ 138

Property and Equipment - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 4,700	$ 2,000	$ 900
Loss on disposal	(146)	4	$ 0
Finance lease obligations to acquire new office furniture and fixtures and computer hardware	4,475
Capital leases		0
Accumulated depreciation for assets under capital lease	700
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Disposal of property plant and equipment	3,200
Computer hardware
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Disposal of property plant and equipment	900	$ 100
Finance lease obligations to acquire new office furniture and fixtures and computer hardware	800
Office furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Disposal of property plant and equipment	400
Finance lease obligations to acquire new office furniture and fixtures and computer hardware	3,700
Computer software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Disposal of property plant and equipment	400
Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Disposal of property plant and equipment	$ 100

Accrued Expenses - Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued contract labor costs	$ 1,921	$ 3,128
Accrued hosting costs	1,865	579
Accrued reimbursable employee expenses	1,353	459
Accrued legal costs	422	0
Accrued marketing and tradeshow expenses	365	229
Accrued audit and tax expenses	315	375
Accrued third party license fees	288	729
Other accrued expenses	959	1,965
Total	$ 7,488	$ 7,464

Debt - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended
Debt - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Outstanding letters of credit		$ 10,500,000	$ 10,500,000
Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit facility	$ 20,000,000.0
Term Loan
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit, outstanding borrowings		$ 0
Minimum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Unused facility fee, revolving line of credit	0.15%
Adjusted quick ratio	135.00%
Minimum \| LIBOR
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Additional interest rate margin	2.00%
Minimum \| Prime Rate
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Additional interest rate margin	1.00%
Maximum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Unused facility fee, revolving line of credit	0.25%
Maximum \| LIBOR
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Additional interest rate margin	2.50%
Maximum \| Prime Rate
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Additional interest rate margin	1.50%

Income Taxes - Net Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Domestic									$ (32,091)	$ (30,663)	$ (23,093)
Foreign									(17,803)	(18,549)	(7,153)
Loss before income taxes	$ (10,371)	$ (14,645)	$ (9,784)	$ (15,094)	$ (13,876)	$ (15,062)	$ (10,932)	$ (9,342)	$ (49,894)	$ (49,212)	$ (30,246)

Income Taxes - Schedule of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current:
Federal									$ 3	$ 0	$ (65)
State									60	25	68
Foreign									1,091	432	1,009
Total current expense									1,154	457	1,012
Deferred:
Federal									0	0	(42)
State									0	0	0
Foreign									(334)	(218)	(209)
Total deferred benefit									(334)	(218)	(251)
Total income tax expense	$ 426	$ 5	$ 267	$ 122	$ 27	$ (34)	$ 35	$ 211	$ 820	$ 239	$ 761

Income Taxes - Schedule of Reconciliation of Statutory to Effective Income Tax Rate (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S. federal statutory tax rate	21.00%	21.00%	34.00%
State tax expense	7.10%	7.20%	4.90%
Foreign rate differential	(5.10%)	(5.10%)	(6.70%)
Nondeductible expenses	(0.70%)	(0.70%)	(0.90%)
Equity compensation	12.00%	9.50%	0.00%
Tax credits	6.50%	3.90%	5.80%
Unrecognized tax benefits	(1.10%)	(0.80%)	(0.70%)
Other	(0.80%)	0.60%	(0.30%)
Remeasurement of deferred taxes	(1.60%)	0.00%	(7.00%)
Change in valuation allowance	(38.90%)	(36.00%)	(31.60%)
Total	(1.60%)	(0.40%)	(0.40%)

Income Taxes - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating losses	$ 34,875	$ 21,059
Tax credits	8,648	5,945
Deferred revenue	1,291	4,179
Equity compensation	1,668	3,923
Lease liabilities	13,066	0
Accrued vacation	409	1,170
Deferred rent	0	373
Bad debt	164	164
Depreciation	0	151
Other	260	548
Gross deferred tax assets	60,381	37,512
Less: Valuation allowance	(35,607)	(30,039)
Total deferred tax assets	24,774	7,473
Deferred tax liabilities:
Prepaid expenses	(9,562)	(6,640)
Right-of-use assets	(6,488)	0
Unbilled receivables	(3,849)	(419)
Depreciation	(4,377)	0
Other	(42)	(130)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(24,318)	(7,189)
Net deferred tax asset	$ 456	$ 284

Income Taxes - Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 1,039	$ 651	$ 419
Additions for tax positions in current years	536	388	232
Additions for tax positions in prior years	0	0	0
Reductions due to lapse in statutes of limitations	0	0	0
Settlements	0	0	0
Ending balance	$ 1,575	$ 1,039	$ 651

Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Effective tax rate	(1.60%)	(0.40%)	(0.40%)
Tax expense attributable to the change in valuation allowance	$ 10,200
Operating loss carryforwards, state, tax effected	6,500	$ 3,700
Net change in total valuation allowance	5,600
Valuation allowance against foreign deferred tax assets	35,607	30,039
Unrecognized tax benefits	1,575	1,039	$ 651	$ 419
Recognized interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions	3	0
Cumulative balance of interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions	36	33
Unrecognized tax benefits, portion affecting tax rate	1,600	1,000
Domestic Tax Authority
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	99,300	56,900
Federal NOL carryforwards subject to expiration	24,400
Federal NOL carryforwards not subject to expiration	74,900
Federal tax credit carryforwards	7,500	6,400
State and Local Jurisdiction
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	100,900	57,200
Swiss Federal Tax Administration (FTA) \| Foreign Tax Authority
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	62,800	$ 56,300
Valuation allowance against foreign deferred tax assets	$ 7,300

Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2019	Nov. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	May 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock option cancellation agreement, vested options to purchase (in shares)			700,000	0	1,256,200
Exercise price of stock options granted (in usd per share)			$ 33.98	$ 0	$ 11.92
Service period (in years)			5 years 9 months 18 days	6 years 4 months 24 days	6 years 7 months 6 days	6 years 6 months
Weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted (in usd per share)			$ 13.57		$ 5.05
Total fair value of stock options vested			$ 2,000,000.0	$ 10,500,000	$ 5,600,000
Total compensation cost related to unvested stock options not yet recognized			$ 8,400,000
Weighted average period, unvested stock options			1 year 10 months 24 days
Restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units			$ 28,800,000
Weighted average remaining vesting period			2 years 4 months 24 days
Granted (in shares)			436,912	622,166	738,055
Granted (in usd per share)			$ 40.70	$ 29.60	$ 22.15
2017 Equity Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares available to be issued (in shares)			4,668,941
2017 Equity Incentive Plan \| Restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Value of awards at grant date		$ 7,700,000
Granted (in shares)		255,930
Granted (in usd per share)		$ 30.06
2017 Equity Incentive Plan \| Class A Common Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares available to be issued (in shares)			7,108,049				6,421,442
2017 Equity Incentive Plan \| Chief Financial Officer
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock option cancellation agreement, vested options to purchase (in shares)	700,000
Exercise price of stock options granted (in usd per share)	$ 33.98
Share price (in usd per share)	$ 84.63
Value of awards at grant date	$ 9,500,000
Service period (in years)	2 years 7 months 6 days
2007 Stock Option Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares available to be issued (in shares)							421,442
Number of shares available for grants (in shares)							0

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Estimate the Fair Value of Stock Options Granted (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Goods and Nonemployee Services Transaction [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	210.00%
Expected term (in years)	2 years 7 months 6 days	6 years 6 months
Expected volatility	5500.00%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Minimum
Share-based Goods and Nonemployee Services Transaction [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate		1.90%
Expected volatility		38.10%
Maximum
Share-based Goods and Nonemployee Services Transaction [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate		2.20%
Expected volatility		40.60%

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of the Stock Option Activity (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Number of Shares
Beginning balance (in shares)	5,021,068	7,010,887	6,784,448
Granted (in shares)	700,000	0	1,256,200
Exercised (in shares)	(1,194,471)	(1,486,218)	(876,121)
Canceled (in shares)	(67,986)	(503,601)	(153,640)
Ending balance (in shares)	4,458,611	5,021,068	7,010,887	6,784,448
Exercisable at December 31, 2019 (in shares)	2,818,731
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Beginning balance (in usd per share)	$ 7.30	$ 6.36	$ 4.65
Granted (in usd per share)	33.98	0	11.92
Exercised (in usd per share)	4.11	2.10	1.27
Canceled (in usd per share)	10.17	9.51	7.29
Ending balance (in usd per share)	12.30	$ 7.30	$ 6.36	$ 4.65
Exercisable at December 31, 2019 (in usd per share)	$ 7.51
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Beginning balance (in years)	5 years 9 months 18 days	6 years 4 months 24 days	6 years 7 months 6 days	6 years 6 months
Ending balance (in years)	5 years 9 months 18 days	6 years 4 months 24 days	6 years 7 months 6 days	6 years 6 months
Exercisable at December 31, 2019 (in years)	5 years 8 months 12 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Beginning balance	$ 97,440	$ 176,122	$ 44,259
Exercised	44,081	41,606	14,807
Ending balance	115,501	$ 97,440	$ 176,122	$ 44,259
Exercisable at December 31, 2019	$ 86,536

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Restricted Stock Unit Activity (Details) - Restricted stock units - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Number of Shares
Non-vested outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)	1,175,049	731,975	0
Granted (in shares)	436,912	622,166	738,055
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)	(521,460)	(143,390)	(4,930)
Canceled (in shares)	(67,666)	(35,702)	(1,150)
Non-vested outstanding, ending balance (in shares)	1,022,835	1,175,049	731,975
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested outstanding, beginning balance (in usd per share)	$ 26.04	$ 22.16	$ 0
Granted (in usd per share)	40.70	29.60	22.15
Vested (in usd per share)	27.81	22.19	20.24
Canceled (in usd per share)	26.38	23.97	21.40
Non-vested outstanding, ending balance (in usd per share)	$ 31.39	$ 26.04	$ 22.16

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 16,443	$ 16,054	$ 12,976
Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	3,408	7,947	9,607
Stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	12,667	7,714	753
Stock-based compensation expense related to the issuance of common stock to directors
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	368	393	222
Stock-based compensation expense related to stock option modifications
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 0	$ 0	$ 2,394

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense Included in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 16,443	$ 16,054	$ 12,976
Subscriptions
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	647	514	575
Professional services
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	2,748	1,717	1,295
Sales and marketing
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	4,742	3,473	3,233
Research and development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	3,480	2,416	2,822
General and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 4,826	$ 7,934	$ 5,051

Stockholders' Equity (Detail)	12 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2019 vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2018 $ / shares shares
Class A Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, par value (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	34,525,386	29,626,054
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	34,525,386	29,626,054
Number of votes entitled to stockholders \| vote	1
Conversion of stock (in shares)	1
Maximum percentage of aggregate voting power of capital stock which triggers conversion of stock	10.00%
Class B Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, par value (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	32,942,636	34,290,383
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	32,942,636	34,290,383
Number of votes entitled to stockholders \| vote	10

Basic and Diluted Loss per Common Share - Computation of Net Loss per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Numerator:
Net loss	$ (10,797)	$ (14,650)	$ (10,051)	$ (15,216)	$ (13,903)	$ (15,028)	$ (10,967)	$ (9,553)	$ (50,714)	$ (49,451)	$ (31,007)
Accretion of dividends on convertible preferred stock									0	0	357
Net loss attributable to common stockholders									$ (50,714)	$ (49,451)	$ (31,364)
Denominator
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted (in shares)									65,479,327	62,140,684	49,529,833
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted (in usd per share)									$ (0.77)	$ (0.80)	$ (0.63)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References + Details

Leases and Other Commitments - Components of Lease Expense (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 9,733
Amortization of right-of-use assets	700
Interest on lease liabilities	108
Short-term lease cost	462
Variable lease cost	409
Total	$ 11,412

Leases and Other Commitments - Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Operating Leases
Operating ROU assets	$ 24,205
Operating lease liability, current	3,836
Operating lease liability, net of current portion	44,416
Total operating lease liabilities	48,252
Finance Leases
Property and equipment, at cost	4,475
Accumulated depreciation	(703)
Property and equipment, net	3,772
Finance lease liability, current	1,447
Finance lease liability, net of current portion	2,375
Total finance lease liabilities	$ 3,822
Operating leases, weighted average remaining lease term	11 years 4 months 24 days
Finance leases, weighted average remaining lease term	2 years 6 months
Operating leases, weighted average remaining discount rate	9.80%
Finance leases, weighted average remaining discount rate	5.50%

Leases and Other Commitments - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Operating cash outflows for operating leases	$ 6,413
Operating cash outflows for finance leases	108
Financing cash outflows for finance leases	653
ROU assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	523
ROU assets obtained in exchange for finance lease obligations	$ 4,475

Leases and Other Commitments - Maturities of Lease Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Operating Leases
2020	$ 3,781
2021	6,896
2022	7,007
2023	7,050
2024	7,408
Thereafter	57,884
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due, Total	90,026
Less: imputed interest	(41,774)
Total	48,252
Finance Leases
2020	1,620
2021	1,620
2022	859
2023	0
2024	0
Thereafter	0
Total lease payments	4,099
Less: imputed interest	(277)
Total	$ 3,822

Leases and Other Commitments - Summary of Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Office Leases
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2019	$ 6,985
2020	6,371
2021	8,331
2022	6,939
2023	6,987
Thereafter	65,151
Total	100,764
Total	100,764
Equipment Leases
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2019	216
2020	22
2021	0
2022	0
2023	0
Thereafter	0
Total	238
Total	238
Lease Related Commitments
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2019	29,587
2020	0
2021	0
2022	0
2023	0
Thereafter	0
Total	29,587
Tenant Improvement Allowance	(14,441)
Total	$ 15,146

Leases and Other Commitments - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Feb. 28, 2019 ft²	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2018 ft²
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Operating leases, weighted average remaining lease term	11 years 4 months 24 days
Number of square feet \| ft²		28,805		176,222
Term of lease	150 months
Payment of royalty fees	$ 0.3
Outstanding letters of credit	$ 10.5		$ 10.5
Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Operating leases, weighted average remaining lease term	1 year
Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Operating leases, weighted average remaining lease term	12 years
Renewal term	5 years

Retirement Plans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Retirement Plans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Eligibility to participate, days of service	45 days
Eligibility to participate, years of age	21 years
Maximum annual contributions per employee	75.00%
Vesting percentage of employer contribution	25.00%
Vesting term of employer contribution	4 years
Contribution expense related to employer matching contributions	$ 5.5	$ 4.7	$ 3.3
Foreign Plan
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]
Contribution expense related to employer matching contributions	$ 1.5	$ 1.3	$ 0.9

Selected Quarterly Information (Unaudited) - Quarterly Financial Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Revenue:
Total revenue	$ 68,618	$ 66,155	$ 65,275	$ 60,304	$ 60,216	$ 54,948	$ 59,883	$ 51,696	$ 260,352	$ 226,743	$ 176,737
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	22,773	23,951	23,051	24,066	22,210	20,092	21,574	21,049	93,841	84,925	64,597
Gross profit	45,845	42,204	42,224	36,238	38,006	34,856	38,309	30,647	166,511	141,818	112,140
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	31,254	27,603	29,992	28,591	30,177	25,467	27,384	22,964	117,440	105,992	81,966
Research and development	15,625	15,697	12,765	13,956	12,332	11,737	10,785	9,870	58,043	44,724	34,835
General and administrative	12,028	11,191	9,261	9,016	8,799	12,537	8,425	8,060	41,496	37,821	27,150
Total operating expenses	58,907	54,491	52,018	51,563	51,308	49,741	46,594	40,894	216,979	188,537	143,951
Operating loss	(13,062)	(12,287)	(9,794)	(15,325)	(13,302)	(14,885)	(8,285)	(10,247)	(50,468)	(46,719)	(31,811)
Other (income) expense:
Other (income) expense, net	(2,822)	2,262	(79)	(302)	510	110	2,593	(918)	(941)	2,295	(2,038)
Interest expense	131	96	69	71	64	67	54	13	367	198	473
Total other (income) expense	(2,691)	2,358	(10)	(231)	574	177	2,647	(905)	(574)	2,493	(1,565)
Loss before income taxes	(10,371)	(14,645)	(9,784)	(15,094)	(13,876)	(15,062)	(10,932)	(9,342)	(49,894)	(49,212)	(30,246)
Income tax expense (benefit)	426	5	267	122	27	(34)	35	211	820	239	761
Net loss	(10,797)	(14,650)	(10,051)	(15,216)	(13,903)	(15,028)	(10,967)	(9,553)	(50,714)	(49,451)	(31,007)
Stock-based compensation expense									16,443	16,054	12,976
Subscriptions
Revenue:
Total revenue	42,108	37,774	36,860	34,557	35,108	30,905	33,047	26,952	151,299	126,012	91,514
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	4,993	4,484	4,036	3,585	3,284	3,261	2,824	2,628	17,098	11,997	9,379
Professional services
Revenue:
Total revenue	26,510	28,381	28,415	25,747	25,108	24,043	26,836	24,744	109,053	100,731	85,223
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	$ 17,780	$ 19,467	$ 19,015	$ 20,481	$ 18,926	16,831	$ 18,750	$ 18,421	$ 76,743	$ 72,928	$ 55,218
Chief Executive Officer \| 2007 Stock Option Plan
Other (income) expense:
Stock-based compensation expense						$ 4,500

Selected Quarterly Information (Unaudited) - Revenue by Services (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 68,618	$ 66,155	$ 65,275	$ 60,304	$ 60,216	$ 54,948	$ 59,883	$ 51,696	$ 260,352	$ 226,743	$ 176,737
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Total revenue	70,470	69,387	66,911	59,579					266,347
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 \| Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Total revenue	(1,852)	(3,232)	(1,636)	725					(5,995)
SaaS subscriptions
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Total revenue	26,381	24,573	22,796	21,278					95,028
SaaS subscriptions \| Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Total revenue	25,822	23,659	22,014	20,611
SaaS subscriptions \| Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 \| Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Total revenue	559	914	782	667
Term license subscriptions
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Total revenue	11,569	9,199	10,103	9,557					40,428
Term license subscriptions \| Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Total revenue	17,256	16,776	16,011	12,974
Term license subscriptions \| Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 \| Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Total revenue	(5,687)	(7,577)	(5,908)	(3,417)
Maintenance and support
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Total revenue	4,158	4,002	3,961	3,722					15,843
Maintenance and support \| Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,240	1,164	1,234	1,324
Maintenance and support \| Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 \| Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,918	2,838	2,727	2,398
Professional services
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Total revenue	26,510	28,381	28,415	25,747	$ 25,108	$ 24,043	$ 26,836	$ 24,744	109,053	$ 100,731	$ 85,223
Professional services \| Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Total revenue	26,152	27,788	27,652	24,670					106,262
Professional services \| Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 \| Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 358	$ 593	$ 763	$ 1,077					$ 2,791

Subsequent Events (Details)		1 Months Ended
Subsequent Events (Details)	Jan. 01, 2020 USD ($) ft²	Jan. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Feb. 28, 2019 ft²	Apr. 30, 2018 ft²
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of square feet \| ft²			28,805	176,222
Subsequent Event \| Lease Second Amendment
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of square feet \| ft²	34,158
Monthly base rent \| $	$ 87,388
Lease term for initial monthly rent	27 months
Subsequent Event \| Robotic Process Automation Platform
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Acquisition price \| $		$ 7,000,000.0

Organization and Description of Business	12 Months Ended
Organization and Description of Business	Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Organization and Description of Business	Organization and Description of BusinessAppian Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, “Appian,” the “Company,” “we” or “our”) provides a low-code automation platform that accelerates the creation of high-impact business applications, enabling our customers to automate the most important aspects of their business. Global organizations use our applications to improve customer experience, achieve operational excellence and simplify global risk management and compliance. We were incorporated in the state of Delaware in August 1999. We are headquartered in Tysons, Virginia and operate in Canada, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Australia, Spain, Singapore and Sweden.

Debt	12 Months Ended
Debt	Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt	Debt 2017 Revolving Line of Credit In November 2017, we entered into a $20.0 million revolving line of credit with a lender. The facility matures in November 2022. We may elect whether amounts drawn on the revolving line of credit bear interest at a floating rate per annum equal to either the LIBOR or the prime rate plus an additional interest rate margin that is determined by the availability of the borrowings under the revolving line of credit. The additional interest rate margin will range from 2.00% to 2.50% in the case of LIBOR advances and from 1.00% to 1.50% in the case of prime rate advances. The revolving line of credit contains an unused facility fee in an amount between 0.15% and 0.25% of the average unused portion of the revolving line of credit, which is payable quarterly. The agreement contains certain customary affirmative and negative covenants and requires us to maintain (1) an adjusted quick ratio of at least 1.35 to 1.0 and (ii) minimum adjusted EBITDA in the amounts and for the periods set forth in the agreement. Any amounts borrowed under the credit facility are collateralized by substantially all of our assets. We were in compliance with all covenants as of December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2019, we had not made any borrowings under this new revolving line of credit and we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $10.5 million under the 2017 line of credit in connection with securing our leased office space.

Stockholders’ Equity	12 Months Ended
Stockholders’ Equity	Dec. 31, 2019
Equity [Abstract]
Stockholders’ Equity	Stockholders’ Equity Common Stock As of December 31, 2019, we had authorized 500,000,000 shares of Class A common stock and 100,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, each with a par value of $0.0001 per share, of which 34,525,386 shares of Class A common stock and 32,942,636 shares of Class B common stock were issued and outstanding. The rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion rights. The holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share, and the holders of Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share, on all matters that are subject to stockholder vote. The holders of Class B common stock also have approval rights for certain corporate actions. Each share of Class B common stock may be converted into one share of Class A common stock at the option of its holder and will be automatically converted into one share of Class A common stock upon transfer thereof, subject to certain exceptions. In addition, upon the date on which the outstanding shares of Class B common stock represent less than 10% of the aggregate voting power of our capital stock, all outstanding shares of Class B common stock shall convert automatically into Class A common stock.

Contingencies	12 Months Ended
Contingencies	Dec. 31, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Contingencies	Contingencies Legal From time to time, we are subject to legal, regulatory and other proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. There are no issues or resolutions of any matters that are expected to have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial statements. Contractual Warranty and Indemnification Obligations We provide limited product warranties. Historically, any payments made under these provisions have been immaterial. We also agree to standard indemnification provisions in the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these provisions, we agree to indemnify, hold harmless and reimburse the indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party, generally our customers, in connection with certain intellectual property infringement claims by any third party arising from the use of our products or services in accordance with the agreement. The term of our contractual indemnity provisions often survives termination or expiration of the applicable agreement. We carry insurance that covers certain third-party claims relating to our services and limits our exposure. We have never incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification provisions.

Retirement Plans	12 Months Ended
Retirement Plans	Dec. 31, 2019
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Retirement Plans	Retirement PlansWe have a defined contribution 401(k) retirement and savings plan (the “401(k) Plan”) to provide retirement benefits for all eligible employees. All employees who have completed forty-five days of service and are at least twenty-one years of age are eligible to participate in the 401(k) Plan. The 401(k) Plan allows eligible employees to make salary-deferred contributions up to 75% of their annual compensation, as defined, and subject to certain Internal Revenue Service limitations. Employer contributions vest at 25% per year, over four years. For the years ending December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we incurred $5.5 million, $4.7 million and $3.3 million, respectively, in contribution expense related to the employer matching contributions. We are obligated to make plan contributions for the employees of certain of our wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries. For the years ending December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we incurred $1.5 million, $1.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, in contribution expense related to our foreign subsidiaries.

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Dec. 31, 2019
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent EventsIn January 2020, we acquired a developer of a robotic process automation platform for $7.0 million. The acquisition will be accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting with the operations of the newly acquired entity included in our operating results from the date of acquisition. The Company entered into the Lease Second Amendment, effective as of January 1, 2020, which modified the Lease for the Company’s headquarters in Tysons, Virginia. Under the Lease Second Amendment, the Company exercised an option to expand its lease to the Fourth Floor, adding approximately 34,158 square feet to the premises. The Company will commence occupancy of the Fourth Floor on the sooner of the completion of certain improvements to the Fourth Floor and October 14, 2020. The monthly base rent for the Fourth Floor will be $87,388 for the first 27 months of the lease term, subject to periodic increases thereafter.

Segment and Geographic Information - Additional Information (Detail)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019
Sales Revenue, Net \| Geographic Concentration Risk
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	12.20%

Label	Element	Value
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 [Member]
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption	us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption	$ 60,941,000
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 [Member] \| Retained Earnings [Member]
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption	us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption	$ 60,941,000