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Cover Page - shares	6 Months Ended
Cover Page - shares	Jun. 30, 2020	Aug. 03, 2020
Document and Entity Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2020
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-38098
Entity Registrant Name	APPIAN CORPORATION
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	54-1956084
Entity Address, Address Line One	7950 Jones Branch Drive
Entity Address, City or Town	McLean
Entity Address, State or Province	VA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	22102
City Area Code	(703)
Local Phone Number	442-8844
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A Common Stock
Trading Symbol	APPN
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001441683
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Amendment Flag	false
Class A Common Stock
Document and Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		37,632,914
Class B Common Stock
Document and Entity Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		32,217,936

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 256,146	$ 159,755
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $800 and $600 as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	71,853	70,408
Deferred commissions, current	15,122	14,543
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	26,289	32,955
Total current assets	369,410	277,661
Property and equipment, net	37,437	39,554
Goodwill	4,443	0
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $196 as of June 30, 2020	1,790	0
Operating right-of-use assets	23,156	24,205
Deferred commissions, net of current portion	28,694	28,979
Deferred tax assets	583	494
Other assets	5,847	592
Total assets	471,360	371,485
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	4,128	5,222
Accrued expenses	7,307	7,488
Accrued compensation and related benefits	13,183	10,691
Deferred revenue, current	87,550	82,201
Operating lease liabilities, current	5,427	3,836
Finance lease liabilities, current	1,549	1,447
Other current liabilities	592	1,395
Total current liabilities	119,736	112,280
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	44,142	44,416
Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion	1,556	2,375
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	4,595	7,139
Deferred tax liabilities	437	38
Other non-current liabilities	2,092	0
Total liabilities	172,558	166,248
Stockholders’ equity
Additional paid-in capital	458,174	340,929
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(482)	(285)
Accumulated deficit	(158,897)	(135,413)
Total stockholders’ equity	298,802	205,237
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	471,360	371,485
Class A Common Stock
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock	4	3
Class B Common Stock
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock	$ 3	$ 3

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 800	$ 600
Finite-lived intangible assets, accumulated amortization	$ 196
Class A Common Stock
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	37,558,379	34,525,386
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	37,558,379	34,525,386
Class B Common Stock
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	32,281,936	32,942,636
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	32,281,936	32,942,636

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 66,775	$ 65,275	$ 145,639	$ 125,579
Cost of revenue
Total cost of revenue	21,156	23,051	45,275	47,117
Gross profit	45,619	42,224	100,364	78,462
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	29,086	29,992	63,258	58,583
Research and development	17,178	12,765	33,216	26,721
General and administrative	11,450	9,261	24,591	18,277
Total operating expenses	57,714	52,018	121,065	103,581
Operating loss	(12,095)	(9,794)	(20,701)	(25,119)
Other (income) expense
Other (income) expense, net	(682)	(79)	2,432	(381)
Interest expense	128	69	271	140
Total other (income) expense	(554)	(10)	2,703	(241)
Loss before income taxes	(11,541)	(9,784)	(23,404)	(24,878)
Income tax expense	274	267	80	389
Net loss	$ (11,815)	$ (10,051)	$ (23,484)	$ (25,267)
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted (in dollar per share)	$ (0.17)	$ (0.16)	$ (0.35)	$ (0.39)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted (in shares)	68,369,823	64,753,044	67,949,270	64,531,089
Subscriptions
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 41,418	$ 36,860	$ 91,854	$ 71,417
Cost of revenue
Total cost of revenue	4,701	4,036	10,084	7,621
Professional services
Revenue
Total revenue	25,357	28,415	53,785	54,162
Cost of revenue
Total cost of revenue	$ 16,455	$ 19,015	$ 35,191	$ 39,496

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (11,815)	$ (10,051)	$ (23,484)	$ (25,267)
Comprehensive loss, net of income taxes:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(214)	(490)	(197)	(194)
Total other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes	$ (12,029)	$ (10,541)	$ (23,681)	$ (25,461)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

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+ Details

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Revision of Prior Period, Accounting Standards Update, Adjustment	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit	Accumulated Deficit Revision of Prior Period, Accounting Standards Update, Adjustment
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018			63,916,437
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 73,192	$ 60,941	$ 6	$ 218,284	$ 542	$ (145,640)	$ 60,941
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(15,216)					(15,216)
Issuance of common stock to directors (in shares)			3,461
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)			278,680
Exercise of stock options (in shares)			482,444
Exercise of stock options	1,073			1,073
Stock-based compensation expense	7,225			7,225
Other comprehensive loss (loss)	296				296
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019			64,681,022
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2019	127,511		$ 6	226,582	838	(99,915)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018			63,916,437
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2018	73,192	60,941	$ 6	218,284	542	(145,640)	60,941
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(25,267)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019			64,837,568
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2019	120,573		$ 6	230,185	348	(109,966)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018			63,916,437
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2018	73,192	$ 60,941	$ 6	218,284	542	(145,640)	$ 60,941
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019			67,468,022
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 205,237		$ 6	340,929	(285)	(135,413)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible List]	us-gaap:AccountingStandardsUpdate201409Member
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019			64,681,022
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2019	$ 127,511		$ 6	226,582	838	(99,915)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(10,051)					(10,051)
Issuance of common stock to directors (in shares)			2,684
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)			6,010
Exercise of stock options (in shares)			147,852
Exercise of stock options	914			914
Stock-based compensation expense	2,689			2,689
Other comprehensive loss (loss)	(490)				(490)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019			64,837,568
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2019	120,573		$ 6	230,185	348	(109,966)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019			67,468,022
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2019	205,237		$ 6	340,929	(285)	(135,413)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(11,669)					(11,669)
Issuance of common stock to directors (in shares)			1,946
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)			46,031
Exercise of stock options (in shares)			129,082
Exercise of stock options	670			670
Stock-based compensation expense	3,476			3,476
Other comprehensive loss (loss)	17				17
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020			67,645,081
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2020	197,731		$ 6	345,075	(268)	(147,082)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019			67,468,022
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2019	205,237		$ 6	340,929	(285)	(135,413)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	$ (23,484)
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	376,967
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020			69,840,315
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2020	$ 298,802		$ 7	458,174	(482)	(158,897)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020			67,645,081
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2020	197,731		$ 6	345,075	(268)	(147,082)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(11,815)					(11,815)
Issuance of common stock from public offering, net of issuance costs (in shares)			1,931,206
Issuance of common stock from public offering, net of issuance costs	107,915		$ 1	107,914
Issuance of common stock to directors (in shares)			2,296
Vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)			13,567
Exercise of stock options (in shares)			248,165
Exercise of stock options	1,571			1,571
Stock-based compensation expense	3,614			3,614
Other comprehensive loss (loss)	(214)				(214)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020			69,840,315
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2020	$ 298,802		$ 7	$ 458,174	$ (482)	$ (158,897)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (23,484)	$ (25,267)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	2,980	1,933
Bad debt expense	200	97
Loss on disposal of property and equipment	22	145
Deferred income taxes	(168)	(47)
Stock-based compensation	7,090	9,914
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(2,084)	9,337
Prepaid expenses and other assets	1,922	13,453
Deferred commissions	(295)	(4,790)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(1,674)	5,458
Accrued compensation and related benefits	2,575	(3,181)
Other liabilities	1,271	(269)
Deferred revenue	2,310	640
Operating lease liabilities	2,378	0
Deferred rent, non-current	0	4,584
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	(6,957)	12,007
Cash flows from investing activities:
Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(6,138)	0
Purchases of property and equipment	(686)	(27,689)
Net cash used in investing activities	(6,824)	(27,689)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Principal payments on finance leases	(716)	0
Proceeds from public offering, net of underwriting discounts	108,260	0
Payments of costs related to public offerings	(18)	0
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options	2,242	1,987
Net cash provided by financing activities	109,768	1,987
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	404	(134)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	96,391	(13,829)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	159,755	94,930
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	256,146	81,101
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	88	170
Cash paid for income taxes	139	116
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing information:
Capital lease obligations to acquire new office furniture and fixtures	$ 0	$ 3,673

Organization and Description of Business	6 Months Ended
Organization and Description of Business	Jun. 30, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Organization and Description of Business	1. Organization and Description of Business Appian Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, “Appian,” the “Company,” “we,” or “our”) provides a low-code automation platform that accelerates the creation of high-impact business applications, enabling our customers to automate the most important aspects of their business. Global organizations use our applications to improve customer experience, achieve operational excellence, and simplify global risk management and compliance. We were incorporated in the state of Delaware in August 1999. We are headquartered in McLean, Virginia and operate in Canada, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Australia, Spain, Singapore, and Sweden.

Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and footnotes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) as contained in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) for interim financial information. In the opinion of management, the interim financial information includes all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations, financial position, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows. The results of operations for the current period are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year or the results for any future periods. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 20, 2020.

We adopted ASC 606, the new revenue recognition guidance, on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method. Under this method of adoption, we recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit and applied the new standard only to contracts that were not completed prior January 1, 2019.

Because we were an emerging growth company until December 31, 2019, the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act allowed us to delay adoption of certain accounting standards such as ASC 606 and ASC 842 until such time they were made applicable to private companies. We elected to use this extended transition period, and accordingly, did not report revenues under ASC 606 or leases under ASC 842 in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q during 2019. Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on February 20, 2020, for a complete reconciliation of our revenues under the old and new guidance. Prior period amounts in this Form 10-Q have been recast as if we had reported under ASC 606 for the applicable periods.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Although we believe the estimates we use are reasonable, due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making these estimates, actual results reported in future periods could differ from those estimates.

Significant estimates embedded in the condensed consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, income taxes and the related valuation allowance, the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, leases, costs to obtain a contract with a customer, and stock-based compensation.

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease ("COVID-19") has resulted in the declaration of a global pandemic and introduced a level of disruption and uncertainty into the financial markets and global economy. While we continue to monitor the developments surrounding the pandemic, as of the date of issuance of these financial statements, we are not aware of any specific events or circumstances that would require us to update our estimates, assumptions, and judgments or revise the carrying value of our assets or liabilities. However, the ultimate impact of COVID-19 on our business is not estimable at this time and will be largely dependent upon a number of factors outside of our control including the extent and duration of the outbreak as well as any mitigating actions which may be undertaken by global governments and the general public.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Appian and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Public Offering

In June 2020, we completed an underwritten public offering of 2,500,000 shares of our Class A common stock, of which 1,931,206 shares of Class A common stock were sold by us and 568,794 shares of Class A common stock were sold by existing stockholders. The underwriter purchased the shares from us and the selling stockholders at a price of $56.50 per share. Our net proceeds from the offering were $107.9 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. We did not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders.

Revenue Recognition

Refer to Note 3 for a detailed discussion on specific revenue recognition principles related to our major revenue streams.

Cost of Revenue

Subscriptions

Cost of subscriptions revenue consists primarily of fees paid to our third-party managed hosting providers and other third-party service providers, personnel costs such as payroll and benefits for our technology operations and customer support teams, and allocated facility costs and overhead.

Professional Services

Cost of professional services revenue includes all direct and indirect costs to deliver our professional services and training, including employee compensation for our global professional services and training personnel, travel costs, third-party contractor costs, and allocated facility costs and overhead.

Concentration of Credit and Customer Risk

Our financial instruments exposed to concentration of credit and customer risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. We believe the financial institutions holding our cash deposits are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these balances.

With regard to our customers, credit evaluation and account monitoring procedures are used to minimize the risk of loss. We believe no additional credit risk beyond amounts provided for collection loss are inherent in accounts receivable. When accounted for under ASC 606, revenue generated from government agencies represented 19.0% and 16.8% of our revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, of which the top three federal government agencies generated 7.6% and 6.7% of our revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Additionally, 36.8% and 35.0% of our revenue during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, was generated from foreign customers. Revenue generated from government agencies represented 16.8% and 17.3% of our revenue for three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, of which the top three federal government agencies generated 6.4% and 7.3% of our revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. Additionally, 32.9% and 32.4% of our revenue during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, was generated from foreign customers.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments with an original or remaining maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase, as well as overnight repurchase investments, to be cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are stated at realizable value, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on our assessment of the collectability of accounts and incorporates an estimation of expected lifetime credit losses on our receivables. We regularly review the composition of the accounts receivable aging, historical bad debts, changes in payment patterns, customer creditworthiness, and current economic trends. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability to make required payments, additional provisions for doubtful accounts would be required and would increase bad debt expense. To date, our allowance and related bad debt write-offs have been nominal. There was a $0.2 million increase in the allowance for doubtful accounts from December 31, 2019 to June 30, 2020.

Assets Recognized from the Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer

We capitalize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer, including sales commissions paid to our direct sales force that are incremental costs to obtaining customer contracts. These costs are recorded as deferred commissions in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Costs to obtain a contract for a new customer or upsell are amortized over an estimated economic life of five years as sales commissions on initial sales are not commensurate with sales commissions on contract renewals. We determine the estimated economic life based on both qualitative and quantitative factors such as expected renewals, product life cycles, contractual terms, and customer attrition. We periodically review the carrying amount of deferred contract acquisition costs to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact the estimated economic life. Commissions paid relating to contract renewals are deferred and amortized over the related renewal period. We also capitalize the incremental fringe benefits associated with commission expenses paid to our direct sales force. Costs to obtain a contract for professional services arrangements are expensed as incurred as the contractual period of our professional services arrangements are one year or less.

Amortization associated with commission expense is recorded to sales and marketing costs in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Commission expense was $5.8 million and $11.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Commission expense was $3.6 million and $6.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Significant additions or improvements extending the useful life of an asset are capitalized, while repairs and maintenance costs which do not significantly improve the related assets or extend their useful lives are charged to expense as incurred.

The following table outlines useful lives of our major asset categories:


Asset Category						Useful Life (in years)
Computer software						3
Computer hardware						3
Equipment						5
Office furniture and fixtures						10
Leasehold improvements						(a)

(a) - Leasehold improvements have an estimated useful life of the shorter of the useful life of the assets or the lease term.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets and certain intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable through undiscounted cash flows from the use of the assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value. No indicators of impairment were identified for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 because of the relatively short duration of these instruments. Our line of credit is recorded at carrying value, which approximates fair value.

We use a three-tier fair value hierarchy to classify and disclose all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial measurement. The hierarchy requires us to use observable inputs when available and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. The three tiers are defined as follows:

•Level 1. Observable inputs based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2. Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

•Level 3. Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, which require us to develop our own assumptions.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs

There were no instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Stock-Based Compensation

We account for stock-based compensation expense related to stock-based awards based on the estimated fair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the fair value of stock options containing only a service condition using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of restricted stock units is based on the closing market price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market on the date of grant. For service-based awards, stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. For performance-based awards, stock-based compensation expense is recognized using the accelerated attribution method based on the probability of satisfying the performance condition. For awards that contain market conditions, compensation expense is measured using a Monte Carlo simulation and recognized using the accelerated attribution method over the derived service period based on the expected market performance as of the grant date. For restricted stock units, stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We account for forfeitures as they occur rather than estimating expected forfeitures.

Leases

Refer to Note 4 for a detailed discussion on our policies specific to leasing arrangements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) ("ASU 2016-13"), which requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Adopting the standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement ("ASU 2018-13"), which eliminates, modifies, and adds disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Adopting the standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract, which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs in cloud computing arrangements with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Adopting the standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Revenue

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

3. Revenue

Revenue Recognition

We generate subscriptions revenue primarily through the sale of software as a service ("SaaS") subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services as well as term license subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support. We generate professional services revenue from fees for our consulting services, including application development and deployment assistance as well as training related to our platform.

The following table summarizes revenue from contracts with customers for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
SaaS subscriptions	$	29,580	$	22,796	$	57,970	$	44,074
Term license subscriptions	7,379		10,103		25,172		19,660
Maintenance and support	4,459		3,961		8,712		7,683
Professional services	25,357		28,415		53,785		54,162
Total revenue	$	66,775	$	65,275	$	145,639	$	125,579

Performance Obligations and Timing of Revenue Recognition

We primarily sell products and services that fall into the categories discussed below. Each category contains one or more performance obligations that are either (1) capable of being distinct (i.e., the customer can benefit from the product or service on its own or together with readily available resources, including those purchased separately from us) and distinct within the context of the contract (i.e., separately identified from other promises in the contract) or (2) a series of distinct products or services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. Our term license subscriptions are delivered at a point in time while our SaaS subscriptions, maintenance and support, and professional services are delivered over time.

Subscriptions Revenue

Subscriptions revenue is primarily related to (1) SaaS subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services and (2) term license subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support. We generally charge subscription fees on a per-user basis and, to a lesser degree, non-user based single application licenses. We bill customers and collect payment for subscriptions to our platform in advance on an annual, quarterly, or monthly basis. In certain instances, our customers have paid their entire contract up front.

SaaS Subscriptions

We generate cloud-based subscription revenue primarily from the sales of subscriptions to access our cloud offering, together with related support services to our customers. We perform all required maintenance and support for our cloud offering, and we do not separately charge customers for hosting costs. Revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date the service is made available to the customer. Our cloud-based subscription contracts generally have a term of one to three years in length. We bill customers and collect payment for subscriptions to our platform in advance, and they are non-cancellable.

Term License Subscriptions

Our term license subscription revenue is derived from customers with on-premise installations of our platform pursuant to contracts that were historically one to three years in length. The majority of recent contracts have been one year in length. Although term license subscriptions are sold with maintenance and support, the software is fully functional at the beginning of the subscription and is considered a distinct performance obligation. On rare occasions, a cloud-based subscription may include the right for the customer to take possession of the license and as such, the revenue is treated as a license. Revenue from term license subscriptions is recognized when control of the software license has transferred to the customer, which is the later of delivery or commencement of the contract term.

Maintenance and Support

Maintenance and support subscriptions include both technical support and when-and-if-available software upgrades, which are treated as a single performance obligation as they are considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same duration and measure of progress. Revenue from maintenance and support is recognized ratably over the contract period, which is the period over which the customer has continuous access to maintenance and support.

Professional Services

Our professional services revenue is comprised of fees for consulting services, including application development and deployment assistance as well as training services related to our platform. Our professional services are considered distinct performance obligations when sold stand alone or with other products.

Consulting Services

We sell consulting services to assist customers in planning and executing the deployment of our software. Customers are not required to use consulting services to fully benefit from the software. Consulting services are regularly sold on a standalone basis and either (1) under a fixed-fee arrangement or (2) on a time and materials basis. Consulting contracts are each considered separate performance obligations because they do not integrate with each other or with other products and services to deliver a combined output to the customer, do not modify or customize (or are not modified or customized by) each other or other products and services, and do not affect the customer's ability to use the other consulting offerings or other products and services. Revenue under consulting contracts is recognized over time as services are delivered. For time and materials-based consulting contracts, we have elected the practical expedient of recognizing revenue upon invoicing since the invoiced amount corresponds directly to the value of our service to-date.

Training Services

We sell various training services to our customers. Training services are sold in the form of prepaid training credits that are redeemed based on a fixed rate per course. Training revenue is recognized when the associated training services are delivered.

Significant Judgments and Estimates

Determining the Transaction Price

The transaction price includes both fixed and variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable a significant reversal will not occur. The amount of variable consideration excluded from the transaction price for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was insignificant. Our estimates of variable consideration are also

subject to subsequent true-up adjustments and may result in changes to transaction prices; however, such true-up adjustments are not expected to be material.

Allocating the Transaction Price Based on Standalone Selling Prices ("SSP")

We allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in a contract based on its relative SSP. The SSP is the observable price at which we sell the product or service separately. In the absence of observable pricing, we estimate SSP using the residual approach. We establish SSP as follows:

1.SaaS subscriptions - Given the highly variable selling price of our SaaS subscriptions, we establish the SSP of our SaaS subscriptions using a residual approach after first determining the SSP of consulting and training services. We have concluded the residual approach to estimating SSP of our SaaS subscriptions is an appropriate allocation of the transaction price.

2.Term license subscriptions - Given the highly variable selling price of our term license subscriptions, we have established SSP of term license subscriptions using a residual approach after first determining the SSP of maintenance and support. Maintenance and support is sold on a standalone basis in conjunction with renewals of our legacy perpetual software licenses and within a narrow range of the net license fee. Because an economic relationship exists between the license and maintenance and support, we have concluded the residual approach to estimating SSP of term license subscriptions is an appropriate allocation of the transaction price.

3.Maintenance and support - We establish SSP of maintenance and support as a percentage of the stated net subscription fee based on observable pricing of maintenance and support renewals from our legacy perpetual software licenses.

4.Consulting services and training services - SSP of consulting services and training services is established based on the observable pricing of standalone sales within each geographic region where the services are sold.

Contract Balances

Timing may differ between the satisfaction of performance obligations and the invoicing and collection of amounts related to our contracts with customers. Contract assets primarily relate to unbilled amounts for contracts with customers for which the amount of revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. Contract assets are transferred to accounts receivable when the right to invoice becomes unconditional. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, contract assets of $20.8 million and $22.8 million, respectively, are included in the prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets line items in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Contract liabilities consists of deferred revenue and include payments received in advance of the satisfaction of performance obligations. Deferred revenue is then recognized as the revenue recognition criteria are met. Deferred revenue that will be recognized during the succeeding 12-month period is recorded as current, and the remaining deferred revenue is recorded as non-current. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, we recognized $57.9 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2019.

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

As of June 30, 2020, we had an aggregate transaction price of $175.9 million allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations. We expect to recognize $160.7 million of this balance as revenue over the next 24 months with the remaining amount recognized thereafter.

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130551-203045

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130556-203045

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130550-203045

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (e)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130558-203045

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130554-203045

+ Details

Leases

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

4. Leases

At the inception of an arrangement, we determine whether the arrangement is or contains a lease based on the unique facts and circumstances present and the classification of the lease. Operating leases with a term greater than one year are recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use ("ROU") assets, lease liabilities, and, if applicable, long-term lease liabilities. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. We have elected not to recognize on the balance sheet leases with a term of one year or less.

For contracts with lease and non-lease components, we have elected not to allocate the contract consideration and to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, net, finance lease liabilities, current, and finance lease liabilities, net of current portion line items in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Lease liabilities and their corresponding ROU assets are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected lease term. The implicit rates within most of our leases are generally not determinable; therefore, we use the incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments. The determination of our incremental borrowing rate requires judgment and is estimated for each lease based on the rate we would have to pay for a collateralized loan with the same term and payments as the lease. We consider various factors, including our level of collateralization, estimated credit rating, and the currency in which the lease is denominated. The operating lease ROU also includes any lease prepayments, offset by lease incentives. Certain of our leases include options to extend or terminate the lease. An option to extend the lease is considered in connection with determining the ROU asset and lease liability when it is reasonably certain we will exercise that option while an option to terminate is considered as well unless it is reasonably certain we will not exercise the option. For certain equipment leases, we apply a portfolio approach to effectively account for the operating lease ROU assets and liabilities.

Expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as an operating expense while the expense for finance leases is recognized as depreciation expense and interest expense. We have lease agreements which require payments for lease and non-lease components (i.e., common area maintenance) that are accounted for as a single lease component. Variable lease payment amounts that cannot be determined at the commencement of the lease, such as maintenance costs based on future obligations, are not included in ROU assets or lease liabilities but rather are expensed as incurred and recorded as variable lease expense.

We have operating and finance leases for corporate offices, office furniture and fixtures, and computer hardware. Our leases have remaining lease terms of 1 year to 12 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 5 years.

In April 2018, we entered into a lease agreement with respect to 176,222 square feet of office space in McLean, Virginia for a new corporate headquarters. The initial term of the lease was 150 months. We took initial possession of the first phase of the new headquarters in October 2018 and began to recognize rent expense as of that date. In February 2019, we took possession of a further 28,805 square feet of adjacent office space.

In January 2020, we entered into an amendment which adjusts the original terms of the headquarters lease. Under this amendment, we exercised an option to expand occupancy, adding 34,158 square feet of space. Occupancy of the added space is to commence upon the earlier of the completion of certain improvements or October 14, 2020. Pursuant to the guidance of ASC 842, the amendment is considered a modification to the original lease and is accounted for as a separate contract because it represents a new right-of-use asset and the lease costs charged on the new space are at prevailing market rates. As of June 30, 2020, we have not taken possession of the space nor met the criteria for the lease to be considered commenced. Accordingly, we have not reported a right-of-use asset or liability on our condensed consolidated balance sheets nor have recorded expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations in relation to the additional space.

The following table sets forth the components of lease expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2020		Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Operating lease cost	$	1,408	$	3,276
Finance lease costs:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	372		745
Interest on lease liabilities	46		97
Short-term lease cost	195		380
Variable lease cost	34		217
Total	$	2,055	$	4,715

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases as of June 30, 2020 was as follows (in thousands, except for lease term and discount rate):


	As of
	June 30, 2020
Operating Leases
Operating right-of-use assets	$	23,156

Operating lease liabilities, current	$	5,427
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	44,142
Total operating lease liabilities	$	49,569

Finance Leases
Property and equipment, at cost	$	4,471
Accumulated depreciation	(1,445)
Property and equipment, net	$	3,026

Finance lease liabilities, current	$	1,549
Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion	1,556
Total finance lease liabilities	$	3,105

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (in years)
Operating leases	11.0
Finance leases	2.0

Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases	9.9		%
Finance leases	5.5		%

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, amortization of operating right-of-use assets totaled $0.2 million and $0.9 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, interest expense on operating right-of-use liabilities totaled $1.0 million and $1.4 million, respectively.

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was as follows (in thousands):


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows for operating leases	$	1,044
Operating cash outflows for finance leases	97
Financing cash outflows for finance leases	716

A summary of our future minimum lease commitments under non-cancellable leases as of June 30, 2020 is as follows (in thousands):


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2020 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2020)	$	2,319	$	810
2021	7,434		1,620
2022	8,060		859
2023	8,145		—
2024	8,526		—
2025	9,223		—
Thereafter	57,379		—
Total lease payments	101,086		3,289
Less: imputed interest	(51,517)		(184)
Total	$	49,569	$	3,105

Leases

4. Leases

The following table sets forth the components of lease expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2020		Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Operating lease cost	$	1,408	$	3,276
Finance lease costs:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	372		745
Interest on lease liabilities	46		97
Short-term lease cost	195		380
Variable lease cost	34		217
Total	$	2,055	$	4,715

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases as of June 30, 2020 was as follows (in thousands, except for lease term and discount rate):


	As of
	June 30, 2020
Operating Leases
Operating right-of-use assets	$	23,156

Operating lease liabilities, current	$	5,427
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	44,142
Total operating lease liabilities	$	49,569

Finance Leases
Property and equipment, at cost	$	4,471
Accumulated depreciation	(1,445)
Property and equipment, net	$	3,026

Finance lease liabilities, current	$	1,549
Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion	1,556
Total finance lease liabilities	$	3,105

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (in years)
Operating leases	11.0
Finance leases	2.0

Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases	9.9		%
Finance leases	5.5		%

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was as follows (in thousands):


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows for operating leases	$	1,044
Operating cash outflows for finance leases	97
Financing cash outflows for finance leases	716

A summary of our future minimum lease commitments under non-cancellable leases as of June 30, 2020 is as follows (in thousands):


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2020 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2020)	$	2,319	$	810
2021	7,434		1,620
2022	8,060		859
2023	8,145		—
2024	8,526		—
2025	9,223		—
Thereafter	57,379		—
Total lease payments	101,086		3,289
Less: imputed interest	(51,517)		(184)
Total	$	49,569	$	3,105

Acquisitions

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Acquisitions

5. Acquisitions

Novayre Solutions SL

In January 2020, we acquired 100% of the outstanding common stock of Novayre Solutions SL, a developer of a robotic process automation platform, for approximately $6.9 million. The acquisition was made due to the attractive nature of the product offerings of Novayre and in furtherance of our objective to enhance our automation platform. The transaction was financed through available cash on hand.

The allocation of the purchase price is preliminary pending the finalization of the fair value of the acquired net assets, liabilities assumed, deferred income taxes, and assumed income and non-income based tax liabilities. As of the acquisition date, the purchase price was assigned to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities as follows (in thousands):


Cash acquired	$	731
Other current assets	213
Property and equipment	22
Developed technology	1,537
Customer relationships	406
Goodwill	4,348
Other noncurrent assets	10
Total assets acquired	7,267
Current liabilities	14
Noncurrent liabilities	344
Total liabilities assumed	358
Net assets acquired	$	6,909

There were no changes to our reportable segments as a result of the acquisition, and revenue and expenses from the date of the acquisition through June 30, 2020 were immaterial. Additionally, acquisition costs incurred in relation to the transaction were immaterial.

Acquired property and equipment is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the assets' respective estimated remaining useful lives. Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired and represents the future economic benefits expected to arise from other intangible assets acquired that do not qualify for separate recognition, including assembled workforce, non-contractual relationships, and expected future synergies. We do not expect the purchase price allocated to goodwill and intangible assets to be deductible for tax purposes.

Property and Equipment, net

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment, net

6. Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Leasehold improvements	$	36,116	$	37,130
Office furniture and fixtures	4,861		4,963
Computer hardware	3,618		3,365
Computer software	1,352		1,350
Equipment	48		72
	45,995		46,880
Less: accumulated depreciation	(8,558)		(7,326)
Property and equipment, net	$	37,437	$	39,554

Depreciation expense totaled $1.4 million and $2.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. There were nominal disposals recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2020. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we retired $1.3 million of leasehold improvements, $0.1 million of computer hardware, and $0.1 million of office furniture and fixtures and equipment. Nominal losses on disposal were recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.

Depreciation expense totaled $1.1 million and $1.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, we retired $3.2 million of leasehold improvements and $0.8 million of office furniture and fixtures. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, we recorded a loss on disposal of $0.1 million.

At June 30, 2020, property and equipment included $4.5 million of assets acquired under finance lease arrangements. Accumulated depreciation related to these finance lease arrangements totaled $1.4 million at June 30, 2020. Amortization of assets acquired under finance leases is included in depreciation and amortization expense.

Accrued Expenses

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

7. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Accrued hosting costs	$	2,277	$	1,865
Accrued contract labor costs	1,621		1,921
Accrued marketing and tradeshow expenses	647		365
Accrued audit and tax expenses	472		315
Accrued legal costs	309		422
Accrued reimbursable employee expenses	226		1,353
Accrued third party license fees	189		288
Other accrued expenses	1,566		959
Total	$	7,307	$	7,488

Debt	6 Months Ended
Debt	Jun. 30, 2020
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt	8. Debt Line of Credit In November 2017, we entered into a $20.0 million revolving line of credit with a lender. The facility matures in November 2022. We may elect whether amounts drawn on the revolving line of credit bear interest at a floating rate per annum equal to either LIBOR or the prime rate plus an additional interest rate margin that is determined by the availability of the borrowings under the revolving line of credit. The additional interest rate margin will range from 2.00% to 2.50% in the case of LIBOR advances and from 1.00% to 1.50% in the case of prime rate advances. The revolving line of credit contains an unused facility fee in an amount between 0.15% and 0.25% of the average unused portion of the revolving line of credit, which is payable quarterly. The agreement contains certain customary affirmative and negative covenants and requires us to maintain (i) an adjusted quick ratio of at least 1.35 to 1.00 and (ii) minimum adjusted EBITDA, in the amounts and for the periods set forth in the agreement. Any amounts borrowed under the credit facility are collateralized by substantially all of our assets. We were in compliance with all covenants as of June 30, 2020. As of June 30, 2020, we had no outstanding borrowings under this revolving line of credit, and we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $11.1 million in connection with securing our leased office space.

Income Taxes	6 Months Ended
Income Taxes	Jun. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	9. Income Taxes The provision for income taxes is based upon the estimated annual effective tax rates for the year applied to the current period income before tax plus the tax effect of any significant or unusual items, discrete events, or changes in tax law. Our operating subsidiaries are exposed to statutory effective tax rates ranging from zero to approximately 32%. Fluctuations in the distribution of pre-tax income among our operating subsidiaries can lead to fluctuations of the effective tax rate in the condensed consolidated financial statements. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the actual effective tax rates were (2.4)% and (0.3)%, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the actual effective tax rates were (2.7)% and (1.6)%, respectively. We assess uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740-10, Accounting for Uncertainties in Income Taxes. As of June 30, 2020, our net unrecognized tax benefits totaled $1.6 million, which if recognized would result in no net effect on the effective tax rate due to a valuation allowance. The amount of reasonably possible unrecognized tax benefits that could decrease over the next 12 months due to the expiration of certain statutes of limitations or settlements of tax audits is not material to our condensed consolidated financial statements. We file income tax returns in the United States federal jurisdiction and in many states and foreign jurisdictions. The tax years 2016 through 2019 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which we are subject. We are not currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service for any open tax years. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act in March 2020. The CARES Act includes various income and payroll tax measures. Pursuant to these measures, we have elected the option to defer the deposit and payment of our share of social security taxes that would otherwise be due between March 27, 2020 and December 31, 2020. Under the CARES Act, half of these deferred payments are due by the end of fiscal year 2021 while the other half are due by the end of fiscal year 2022. At this time, beyond the above deferral, the CARES Act is not expected to materially impact our financial statements, but we continue to evaluate potential impacts.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References + Details

Stock-Based Compensation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

10. Stock-Based Compensation

Equity Incentive Plans

In May 2017, our Board of Directors adopted, and our stockholders approved, the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”), which became effective as of the date of the final prospectus for our initial public offering. The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options to employees, and for the grant of nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards ("RSUs"), stock appreciation rights, performance-based stock awards, and other forms of equity compensation to employees, including officers, non-employee directors, and consultants. We initially reserved 6,421,442 shares of Class A common stock for issuance under the 2017 Plan, which included 421,442 shares that remained available for issuance under our 2007 Stock Option Plan (the “2007 Plan”) at the time the 2017 Plan became effective. The number of shares reserved under the 2017 Plan increases for any shares subject to outstanding awards originally granted under the 2007 Plan that expire or are forfeited prior to exercise. As a result of the adoption of the 2017 Plan, no further grants may be made under the 2007 Plan. As of June 30, 2020, there were 7,142,549 shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under the 2017 Plan, of which 4,545,733 were available to be issued.

Stock Options

We estimate the fair value of stock options containing only a service condition using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires the use of subjective assumptions, including the expected term of the option, the current price of the underlying stock, the expected stock price volatility, expected dividend yield, and the risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option. The expected term represents the period of time the stock options are expected to be outstanding. Due to the lack of sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to otherwise estimate the expected term of the stock options, we use the simplified method to estimate the expected term for our stock options. Under the simplified method, the expected term of an option is presumed to be the mid-point between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term. Expected volatility is based on historical volatilities for publicly traded stock of comparable companies over the estimated expected term of the stock options. We assume no dividend yield because dividends are not expected to be paid in the near future, which is consistent with our history of not paying dividends.

In May 2019, our Board of Directors granted a stock option to purchase 700,000 shares of our Class A common stock to our Chief Executive Officer (the "2019 CEO Grant") under the 2017 Plan with an exercise price of $33.98 per share. The 2019 CEO Grant is eligible to vest based on the achievement of a stock price appreciation target of our Class A common stock. Specifically, the 2019 CEO Grant will vest when shares of our Class A common stock closes at or above $84.63 per share for a period equal to or greater than 90 calendar days or upon the occurrence of a change in control in which the value of our Class A common stock is equal to or greater than $84.63 per share within five years of the grant date. The fair value of the 2019 CEO Grant was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation. The fair value of the award at the grant date was $9.5 million and will be amortized over the derived service period of 2.6 years.

The following table summarizes the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019:


	Three Months Ended June 30,			Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020	2019	2020	2019
Risk-free interest rate	*	2.1%	*	2.1%
Expected term (in years)	*	2.6	*	2.6
Expected volatility	*	55.0%	*	55.0%
Expected dividend yield	*	—%	*	—%

* Not applicable because no stock options were granted during the period

The following table summarizes the stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2020:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2020	4,458,611	$	12.30	5.8	$	115,501
Granted	—	—		—	—
Exercised	(376,967)	5.98		—	16,706
Expired	(1,020)	12.00		—	—
Canceled	(34,080)	11.19		—	—
Outstanding at June 30, 2020	4,046,544	$	12.90	5.33	$	155,170

Exercisable at June 30, 2020	2,733,704	$	8.00	5.45	$	118,244

There were no stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2020. The weighted average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $13.57 per share. The total fair value of stock options that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019 was $1.0 million and $1.5 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2020, the total compensation cost related to unvested stock options not yet recognized was $6.1 million, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.5 years.

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes RSU activity for the six months ended June 30, 2020:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested and outstanding at January 1, 2020	1,022,835	$	31.39
Granted	231,333	52.46
Vested	(59,598)	32.82
Canceled	(77,593)	32.24
Non-vested and outstanding at June 30, 2020	1,116,977	35.62

As of June 30, 2020, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs was approximately $33.6 million, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.3 years.

In November 2018, our co-founders were granted 255,930 RSUs under the 2017 Plan at a fair value of $30.06 per share. The awards were approved by the Board of Directors. The value of these awards at the grant date was $7.7 million and was amortized over the vesting periods. The RSUs vested during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes the components of our stock-based compensation expense by instrument type for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
RSUs	$	2,475	$	1,902	$	4,774	$	8,671
Stock options	1,047		695		2,131		1,059
Common stock awards to Board of Directors	92		92		185		184
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,614	$	2,689	$	7,090	$	9,914

Stock-based compensation expense for RSUs, stock options, and issuances of common stock is included in the following line items in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cost of revenue
Subscriptions	$	229	$	161	$	442	$	315
Professional services	317		244		529		2,218
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	657		814		1,410		3,195
Research and development	619		435		1,172		2,550
General and administrative	1,792		1,035		3,537		1,636
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,614	$	2,689	$	7,090	$	9,914

Stockholders' Equity	6 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity	Jun. 30, 2020
Equity [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity	11. Stockholders' Equity As of June 30, 2020, we had authorized 500,000,000 shares of Class A common stock and 100,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, each with a par value of $0.0001 per share, of which 37,558,379 shares of Class A common stock and 32,281,936 shares of Class B common stock were issued and outstanding. The rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion rights. The holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share, and the holders of Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share on all matters subject to stockholder vote. The holders of Class B common stock also have approval rights for certain corporate actions. Each share of Class B common stock may be converted into one share of Class A common stock at the option of its holder and will be automatically converted upon transfer thereof, subject to certain exceptions. In addition, upon the date on which the outstanding shares of Class B common stock represent less than 10% of the aggregate voting power of our capital stock, all outstanding shares of Class B common stock shall convert automatically into Class A common stock.

Basic and Diluted Loss per Common Share

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Basic and Diluted Loss per Common Share

12. Basic and Diluted Loss per Common Share

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding, prior to the use of the treasury stock method or the if-converted method, have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding for the respective periods below because they would have been anti-dilutive:


	Three and Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020	2019
Stock options	4,046,544	5,046,632
Non-vested restricted stock units	1,116,127	996,049

Commitments and Contingencies	6 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies	Jun. 30, 2020
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	13. Commitments and Contingencies Contractual Warranty and Indemnification Obligations We provide limited product warranties. Historically, any payments made under these provisions have been immaterial. We also agree to standard indemnification provisions in the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these provisions, we agree to indemnify, hold harmless, and reimburse the indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party, generally our customers, in connection with certain intellectual property infringement claims by any third party arising from the use of our products or services in accordance with the agreement. The term of our contractual indemnity provisions often survives termination or expiration of the applicable agreement. We carry insurance that covers certain third-party claims relating to our services and limits our exposure. We have never incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification provisions. Letters of Credit At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $11.1 million and $10.5 million, respectively, in connection with securing our leased office space. All letters of credit are secured by our borrowing arrangement as described in Note 8. Legal From time to time, we are subject to legal, regulatory, and other proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. There are no issues or resolution of any matters expected to have a material adverse impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Segment and Geographic Information

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment and Geographic Information

14. Segment and Geographic Information

The following table summarizes revenue by geography for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Domestic	$	42,191	$	43,785	$	94,646	$	84,862
International	24,584		21,490		50,993		40,717
Total	$	66,775	$	65,275	$	145,639	$	125,579

With respect to geographic information, revenue is attributed to respective geographies based on the contracting address of the customer. Revenues from external customers attributed to the United Kingdom were 12.4% of our total revenue for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. Revenues from external customers attributed to the United Kingdom were 12.8% and 11.9% of our total revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. There were no other individual foreign countries from which more than 10% of our total revenue was attributable for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019. Substantially all of our long-lived assets were held in the United States as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.

+ References

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+ Details

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	6 Months Ended
Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Jun. 30, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and footnotes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) as contained in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) for interim financial information. In the opinion of management, the interim financial information includes all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations, financial position, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows. The results of operations for the current period are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year or the results for any future periods. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 20, 2020.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Although we believe the estimates we use are reasonable, due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making these estimates, actual results reported in future periods could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates embedded in the condensed consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, income taxes and the related valuation allowance, the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, leases, costs to obtain a contract with a customer, and stock-based compensation. The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease ("COVID-19") has resulted in the declaration of a global pandemic and introduced a level of disruption and uncertainty into the financial markets and global economy. While we continue to monitor the developments surrounding the pandemic, as of the date of issuance of these financial statements, we are not aware of any specific events or circumstances that would require us to update our estimates, assumptions, and judgments or revise the carrying value of our assets or liabilities. However, the ultimate impact of COVID-19 on our business is not estimable at this time and will be largely dependent upon a number of factors outside of our control including the extent and duration of the outbreak as well as any mitigating actions which may be undertaken by global governments and the general public.
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Appian and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Revenue Recognition	We adopted ASC 606, the new revenue recognition guidance, on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method. Under this method of adoption, we recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit and applied the new standard only to contracts that were not completed prior January 1, 2019. Because we were an emerging growth company until December 31, 2019, the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act allowed us to delay adoption of certain accounting standards such as ASC 606 and ASC 842 until such time they were made applicable to private companies. We elected to use this extended transition period, and accordingly, did not report revenues under ASC 606 or leases under ASC 842 in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q during 2019. Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on February 20, 2020, for a complete reconciliation of our revenues under the old and new guidance. Prior period amounts in this Form 10-Q have been recast as if we had reported under ASC 606 for the applicable periods. Revenue Recognition Refer to Note 3 for a detailed discussion on specific revenue recognition principles related to our major revenue streams. Cost of Revenue Subscriptions Cost of subscriptions revenue consists primarily of fees paid to our third-party managed hosting providers and other third-party service providers, personnel costs such as payroll and benefits for our technology operations and customer support teams, and allocated facility costs and overhead. Professional Services Cost of professional services revenue includes all direct and indirect costs to deliver our professional services and training, including employee compensation for our global professional services and training personnel, travel costs, third-party contractor costs, and allocated facility costs and overhead. Revenue Recognition We generate subscriptions revenue primarily through the sale of software as a service ("SaaS") subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services as well as term license subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support. We generate professional services revenue from fees for our consulting services, including application development and deployment assistance as well as training related to our platform. Performance Obligations and Timing of Revenue Recognition We primarily sell products and services that fall into the categories discussed below. Each category contains one or more performance obligations that are either (1) capable of being distinct (i.e., the customer can benefit from the product or service on its own or together with readily available resources, including those purchased separately from us) and distinct within the context of the contract (i.e., separately identified from other promises in the contract) or (2) a series of distinct products or services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. Our term license subscriptions are delivered at a point in time while our SaaS subscriptions, maintenance and support, and professional services are delivered over time. Subscriptions Revenue Subscriptions revenue is primarily related to (1) SaaS subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support and hosting services and (2) term license subscriptions bundled with maintenance and support. We generally charge subscription fees on a per-user basis and, to a lesser degree, non-user based single application licenses. We bill customers and collect payment for subscriptions to our platform in advance on an annual, quarterly, or monthly basis. In certain instances, our customers have paid their entire contract up front. SaaS Subscriptions We generate cloud-based subscription revenue primarily from the sales of subscriptions to access our cloud offering, together with related support services to our customers. We perform all required maintenance and support for our cloud offering, and we do not separately charge customers for hosting costs. Revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date the service is made available to the customer. Our cloud-based subscription contracts generally have a term of one to three years in length. We bill customers and collect payment for subscriptions to our platform in advance, and they are non-cancellable. Term License Subscriptions Our term license subscription revenue is derived from customers with on-premise installations of our platform pursuant to contracts that were historically one to three years in length. The majority of recent contracts have been one year in length. Although term license subscriptions are sold with maintenance and support, the software is fully functional at the beginning of the subscription and is considered a distinct performance obligation. On rare occasions, a cloud-based subscription may include the right for the customer to take possession of the license and as such, the revenue is treated as a license. Revenue from term license subscriptions is recognized when control of the software license has transferred to the customer, which is the later of delivery or commencement of the contract term. Maintenance and Support Maintenance and support subscriptions include both technical support and when-and-if-available software upgrades, which are treated as a single performance obligation as they are considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same duration and measure of progress. Revenue from maintenance and support is recognized ratably over the contract period, which is the period over which the customer has continuous access to maintenance and support. Professional Services Our professional services revenue is comprised of fees for consulting services, including application development and deployment assistance as well as training services related to our platform. Our professional services are considered distinct performance obligations when sold stand alone or with other products. Consulting Services We sell consulting services to assist customers in planning and executing the deployment of our software. Customers are not required to use consulting services to fully benefit from the software. Consulting services are regularly sold on a standalone basis and either (1) under a fixed-fee arrangement or (2) on a time and materials basis. Consulting contracts are each considered separate performance obligations because they do not integrate with each other or with other products and services to deliver a combined output to the customer, do not modify or customize (or are not modified or customized by) each other or other products and services, and do not affect the customer's ability to use the other consulting offerings or other products and services. Revenue under consulting contracts is recognized over time as services are delivered. For time and materials-based consulting contracts, we have elected the practical expedient of recognizing revenue upon invoicing since the invoiced amount corresponds directly to the value of our service to-date. Training Services We sell various training services to our customers. Training services are sold in the form of prepaid training credits that are redeemed based on a fixed rate per course. Training revenue is recognized when the associated training services are delivered. Significant Judgments and Estimates Determining the Transaction Price The transaction price includes both fixed and variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable a significant reversal will not occur. The amount of variable consideration excluded from the transaction price for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was insignificant. Our estimates of variable consideration are also subject to subsequent true-up adjustments and may result in changes to transaction prices; however, such true-up adjustments are not expected to be material. Allocating the Transaction Price Based on Standalone Selling Prices ("SSP") We allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in a contract based on its relative SSP. The SSP is the observable price at which we sell the product or service separately. In the absence of observable pricing, we estimate SSP using the residual approach. We establish SSP as follows: 1.SaaS subscriptions - Given the highly variable selling price of our SaaS subscriptions, we establish the SSP of our SaaS subscriptions using a residual approach after first determining the SSP of consulting and training services. We have concluded the residual approach to estimating SSP of our SaaS subscriptions is an appropriate allocation of the transaction price. 2.Term license subscriptions - Given the highly variable selling price of our term license subscriptions, we have established SSP of term license subscriptions using a residual approach after first determining the SSP of maintenance and support. Maintenance and support is sold on a standalone basis in conjunction with renewals of our legacy perpetual software licenses and within a narrow range of the net license fee. Because an economic relationship exists between the license and maintenance and support, we have concluded the residual approach to estimating SSP of term license subscriptions is an appropriate allocation of the transaction price. 3.Maintenance and support - We establish SSP of maintenance and support as a percentage of the stated net subscription fee based on observable pricing of maintenance and support renewals from our legacy perpetual software licenses. 4.Consulting services and training services - SSP of consulting services and training services is established based on the observable pricing of standalone sales within each geographic region where the services are sold. Contract Balances Timing may differ between the satisfaction of performance obligations and the invoicing and collection of amounts related to our contracts with customers. Contract assets primarily relate to unbilled amounts for contracts with customers for which the amount of revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. Contract assets are transferred to accounts receivable when the right to invoice becomes unconditional.
Concentration of Credit and Customer Risk	Concentration of Credit and Customer Risk Our financial instruments exposed to concentration of credit and customer risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. We believe the financial institutions holding our cash deposits are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these balances. With regard to our customers, credit evaluation and account monitoring procedures are used to minimize the risk of loss. We believe no additional credit risk beyond amounts provided for collection loss are inherent in accounts receivable.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash EquivalentsWe consider all highly liquid investments with an original or remaining maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase, as well as overnight repurchase investments, to be cash equivalents.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts	Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful AccountsAccounts receivable are stated at realizable value, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on our assessment of the collectability of accounts and incorporates an estimation of expected lifetime credit losses on our receivables. We regularly review the composition of the accounts receivable aging, historical bad debts, changes in payment patterns, customer creditworthiness, and current economic trends. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability to make required payments, additional provisions for doubtful accounts would be required and would increase bad debt expense. To date, our allowance and related bad debt write-offs have been nominal.
Assets Recognized from the Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer	Assets Recognized from the Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer We capitalize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer, including sales commissions paid to our direct sales force that are incremental costs to obtaining customer contracts. These costs are recorded as deferred commissions in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Costs to obtain a contract for a new customer or upsell are amortized over an estimated economic life of five years as sales commissions on initial sales are not commensurate with sales commissions on contract renewals. We determine the estimated economic life based on both qualitative and quantitative factors such as expected renewals, product life cycles, contractual terms, and customer attrition. We periodically review the carrying amount of deferred contract acquisition costs to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact the estimated economic life. Commissions paid relating to contract renewals are deferred and amortized over the related renewal period. We also capitalize the incremental fringe benefits associated with commission expenses paid to our direct sales force. Costs to obtain a contract for professional services arrangements are expensed as incurred as the contractual period of our professional services arrangements are one year or less. Amortization associated with commission expense is recorded to sales and marketing costs in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Significant additions or improvements extending the useful life of an asset are capitalized, while repairs and maintenance costs which do not significantly improve the related assets or extend their useful lives are charged to expense as incurred.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Impairment of Long-Lived AssetsLong-lived assets and certain intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable through undiscounted cash flows from the use of the assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 because of the relatively short duration of these instruments. Our line of credit is recorded at carrying value, which approximates fair value. We use a three-tier fair value hierarchy to classify and disclose all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial measurement. The hierarchy requires us to use observable inputs when available and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. The three tiers are defined as follows: •Level 1. Observable inputs based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; •Level 2. Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly; and •Level 3. Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, which require us to develop our own assumptions.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation We account for stock-based compensation expense related to stock-based awards based on the estimated fair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the fair value of stock options containing only a service condition using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of restricted stock units is based on the closing market price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market on the date of grant. For service-based awards, stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. For performance-based awards, stock-based compensation expense is recognized using the accelerated attribution method based on the probability of satisfying the performance condition. For awards that contain market conditions, compensation expense is measured using a Monte Carlo simulation and recognized using the accelerated attribution method over the derived service period based on the expected market performance as of the grant date. For restricted stock units, stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We account for forfeitures as they occur rather than estimating expected forfeitures.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) ("ASU 2016-13"), which requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Adopting the standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement ("ASU 2018-13"), which eliminates, modifies, and adds disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Adopting the standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract, which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs in cloud computing arrangements with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Adopting the standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Leases	At the inception of an arrangement, we determine whether the arrangement is or contains a lease based on the unique facts and circumstances present and the classification of the lease. Operating leases with a term greater than one year are recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use ("ROU") assets, lease liabilities, and, if applicable, long-term lease liabilities. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. We have elected not to recognize on the balance sheet leases with a term of one year or less. For contracts with lease and non-lease components, we have elected not to allocate the contract consideration and to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, net, finance lease liabilities, current, and finance lease liabilities, net of current portion line items in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Lease liabilities and their corresponding ROU assets are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected lease term. The implicit rates within most of our leases are generally not determinable; therefore, we use the incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments. The determination of our incremental borrowing rate requires judgment and is estimated for each lease based on the rate we would have to pay for a collateralized loan with the same term and payments as the lease. We consider various factors, including our level of collateralization, estimated credit rating, and the currency in which the lease is denominated. The operating lease ROU also includes any lease prepayments, offset by lease incentives. Certain of our leases include options to extend or terminate the lease. An option to extend the lease is considered in connection with determining the ROU asset and lease liability when it is reasonably certain we will exercise that option while an option to terminate is considered as well unless it is reasonably certain we will not exercise the option. For certain equipment leases, we apply a portfolio approach to effectively account for the operating lease ROU assets and liabilities. Expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as an operating expense while the expense for finance leases is recognized as depreciation expense and interest expense. We have lease agreements which require payments for lease and non-lease components (i.e., common area maintenance) that are accounted for as a single lease component. Variable lease payment amounts that cannot be determined at the commencement of the lease, such as maintenance costs based on future obligations, are not included in ROU assets or lease liabilities but rather are expensed as incurred and recorded as variable lease expense.

Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Property and Equipment, Useful Life

The following table outlines useful lives of our major asset categories:


Asset Category						Useful Life (in years)
Computer software						3
Computer hardware						3
Equipment						5
Office furniture and fixtures						10
Leasehold improvements						(a)

(a) - Leasehold improvements have an estimated useful life of the shorter of the useful life of the assets or the lease term.

Revenue (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Summary of Revenue by Services

The following table summarizes revenue from contracts with customers for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
SaaS subscriptions	$	29,580	$	22,796	$	57,970	$	44,074
Term license subscriptions	7,379		10,103		25,172		19,660
Maintenance and support	4,459		3,961		8,712		7,683
Professional services	25,357		28,415		53,785		54,162
Total revenue	$	66,775	$	65,275	$	145,639	$	125,579

Leases (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Components of Lease Expense

The following table sets forth the components of lease expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2020		Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Operating lease cost	$	1,408	$	3,276
Finance lease costs:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	372		745
Interest on lease liabilities	46		97
Short-term lease cost	195		380
Variable lease cost	34		217
Total	$	2,055	$	4,715

Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases as of June 30, 2020 was as follows (in thousands, except for lease term and discount rate):


	As of
	June 30, 2020
Operating Leases
Operating right-of-use assets	$	23,156

Operating lease liabilities, current	$	5,427
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	44,142
Total operating lease liabilities	$	49,569

Finance Leases
Property and equipment, at cost	$	4,471
Accumulated depreciation	(1,445)
Property and equipment, net	$	3,026

Finance lease liabilities, current	$	1,549
Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion	1,556
Total finance lease liabilities	$	3,105

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (in years)
Operating leases	11.0
Finance leases	2.0

Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases	9.9		%
Finance leases	5.5		%

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was as follows (in thousands):


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows for operating leases	$	1,044
Operating cash outflows for finance leases	97
Financing cash outflows for finance leases	716

Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities

A summary of our future minimum lease commitments under non-cancellable leases as of June 30, 2020 is as follows (in thousands):


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2020 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2020)	$	2,319	$	810
2021	7,434		1,620
2022	8,060		859
2023	8,145		—
2024	8,526		—
2025	9,223		—
Thereafter	57,379		—
Total lease payments	101,086		3,289
Less: imputed interest	(51,517)		(184)
Total	$	49,569	$	3,105

Maturities of Finance Lease Liabilities

A summary of our future minimum lease commitments under non-cancellable leases as of June 30, 2020 is as follows (in thousands):


	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2020 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2020)	$	2,319	$	810
2021	7,434		1,620
2022	8,060		859
2023	8,145		—
2024	8,526		—
2025	9,223		—
Thereafter	57,379		—
Total lease payments	101,086		3,289
Less: imputed interest	(51,517)		(184)
Total	$	49,569	$	3,105

Acquisitions (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Schedule of Business Acquisitions

As of the acquisition date, the purchase price was assigned to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities as follows (in thousands):


Cash acquired	$	731
Other current assets	213
Property and equipment	22
Developed technology	1,537
Customer relationships	406
Goodwill	4,348
Other noncurrent assets	10
Total assets acquired	7,267
Current liabilities	14
Noncurrent liabilities	344
Total liabilities assumed	358
Net assets acquired	$	6,909

Property and Equipment, net (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Leasehold improvements	$	36,116	$	37,130
Office furniture and fixtures	4,861		4,963
Computer hardware	3,618		3,365
Computer software	1,352		1,350
Equipment	48		72
	45,995		46,880
Less: accumulated depreciation	(8,558)		(7,326)
Property and equipment, net	$	37,437	$	39,554

Accrued Expenses (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):


	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Accrued hosting costs	$	2,277	$	1,865
Accrued contract labor costs	1,621		1,921
Accrued marketing and tradeshow expenses	647		365
Accrued audit and tax expenses	472		315
Accrued legal costs	309		422
Accrued reimbursable employee expenses	226		1,353
Accrued third party license fees	189		288
Other accrued expenses	1,566		959
Total	$	7,307	$	7,488

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Assumptions Used to Estimate the Fair Value of Stock Options Granted

The following table summarizes the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019:


	Three Months Ended June 30,			Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020	2019	2020	2019
Risk-free interest rate	*	2.1%	*	2.1%
Expected term (in years)	*	2.6	*	2.6
Expected volatility	*	55.0%	*	55.0%
Expected dividend yield	*	—%	*	—%

* Not applicable because no stock options were granted during the period

Summary of the Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2020:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2020	4,458,611	$	12.30	5.8	$	115,501
Granted	—	—		—	—
Exercised	(376,967)	5.98		—	16,706
Expired	(1,020)	12.00		—	—
Canceled	(34,080)	11.19		—	—
Outstanding at June 30, 2020	4,046,544	$	12.90	5.33	$	155,170

Exercisable at June 30, 2020	2,733,704	$	8.00	5.45	$	118,244

Schedule of Restricted Stock Unit Activity

The following table summarizes RSU activity for the six months ended June 30, 2020:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested and outstanding at January 1, 2020	1,022,835	$	31.39
Granted	231,333	52.46
Vested	(59,598)	32.82
Canceled	(77,593)	32.24
Non-vested and outstanding at June 30, 2020	1,116,977	35.62

Schedule of Components of Stock-based Compensation Expense

The following table summarizes the components of our stock-based compensation expense by instrument type for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
RSUs	$	2,475	$	1,902	$	4,774	$	8,671
Stock options	1,047		695		2,131		1,059
Common stock awards to Board of Directors	92		92		185		184
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,614	$	2,689	$	7,090	$	9,914

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense Included in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cost of revenue
Subscriptions	$	229	$	161	$	442	$	315
Professional services	317		244		529		2,218
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	657		814		1,410		3,195
Research and development	619		435		1,172		2,550
General and administrative	1,792		1,035		3,537		1,636
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,614	$	2,689	$	7,090	$	9,914

Basic and Diluted Loss per Common Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Summary of Securities Excluded From Calculation of Weighted Average Common Shares


	Three and Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020	2019
Stock options	4,046,544	5,046,632
Non-vested restricted stock units	1,116,127	996,049

Segment and Geographic Information (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Summary of Revenue By Geography

The following table summarizes revenue by geography for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Domestic	$	42,191	$	43,785	$	94,646	$	84,862
International	24,584		21,490		50,993		40,717
Total	$	66,775	$	65,275	$	145,639	$	125,579

Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) agency $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of government agencies \| agency				3
Change in allowance for doubtful accounts \| $				$ 200
Capitalized contract cost, amortization period	5 years	5 years		5 years
Commission expense \| $		$ 5,800	$ 3,600	$ 11,100	$ 6,600
Customer Concentration Risk \| Sales Revenue, Net \| Foreign Customers
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage		36.80%	32.90%	35.00%	32.40%
Customer Concentration Risk \| Sales Revenue, Net \| Government Agencies
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage		19.00%	16.80%	16.80%	17.30%
Customer Concentration Risk \| Sales Revenue, Net \| Federal Government Agencies
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage		7.60%	6.40%	6.70%	7.30%
Class A Common Stock \| Underwritten Public Offering
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of shares issued in public offering (in shares) \| shares	2,500,000
Number of shares issued by the company in public offering (in shares) \| shares	1,931,206
Number of shares issued by sharesholders in public offering (in shares) \| shares	568,794
Sale of stock, offering price (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 56.50	$ 56.50		$ 56.50
Net proceeds from public offering \| $	$ 107,900

Significant Accounting Policies - Property and Equipment, Useful Life (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020
Computer software
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	3 years
Computer hardware
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	3 years
Equipment
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	5 years
Office furniture and fixtures
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, useful life	10 years

Revenue - Revenue by Services (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 66,775	$ 65,275	$ 145,639	$ 125,579
SaaS subscriptions
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	29,580	22,796	57,970	44,074
Term license subscriptions
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	7,379	10,103	25,172	19,660
Maintenance and support
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	4,459	3,961	8,712	7,683
Professional services
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 25,357	$ 28,415	$ 53,785	$ 54,162

- Definition

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8906-108599

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 40
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e9031-108599

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 41
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e9038-108599

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130543-203045

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8736-108599

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8736-108599

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 42
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e9054-108599

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121604090&loc=SL49130545-203045

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 924
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)
-URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6472922&loc=d3e499488-122856

+ Details

Revenue - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Contract assets balances	$ 20.8	$ 22.8
Revenue recognized	57.9
Unsatisfied performance obligations	175.9
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-07-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Unsatisfied performance obligations	$ 160.7
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, period	24 months
Minimum
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
SaaS subscriptions contracts term	1 year
Term license subscription contracts term	1 year
Maximum
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
SaaS subscriptions contracts term	3 years
Term license subscription contracts term	3 years

Leases - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
Leases - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2020 ft²	Feb. 28, 2019 ft²	Apr. 30, 2018 ft²
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Renewal term		5 years
Number of square feet \| ft²			34,158	28,805	176,222
Lease term (in months)	150 months	150 months
Amortization of operating right-of-use assets	$ 0.2	$ 0.9
Interest expense on operating right-of-use liabilities	$ 1.0	$ 1.4
Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Leases, remaining lease term		1 year
Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Leases, remaining lease term		12 years

Leases - Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 1,408	$ 3,276
Amortization of right-of-use assets	372	745
Interest on lease liabilities	46	97
Short-term lease cost	195	380
Variable lease cost	34	217
Total	$ 2,055	$ 4,715

Leases - Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Operating Leases
Operating right-of-use assets	$ 23,156	$ 24,205
Operating lease liabilities, current	5,427	3,836
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	44,142	44,416
Total operating lease liabilities	49,569
Finance Leases
Property and equipment, at cost	4,471
Accumulated depreciation	(1,445)
Property and equipment, net	3,026
Finance lease liabilities, current	1,549	1,447
Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion	1,556	$ 2,375
Total finance lease liabilities	$ 3,105
Operating leases, weighted average remaining lease term	11 years
Finance leases, weighted average remaining lease term	2 years
Operating leases, weighted average remaining discount rate	9.90%
Finance leases, weighted average remaining discount rate	5.50%

Leases - Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Operating cash outflows for operating leases	$ 1,044
Operating cash outflows for finance leases	97
Financing cash outflows for finance leases	$ 716	$ 0

Leases - Maturities of Lease Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Operating Leases
2020 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2020)	$ 2,319
2021	7,434
2022	8,060
2023	8,145
2024	8,526
2025	9,223
Thereafter	57,379
Total lease payments	101,086
Less: imputed interest	(51,517)
Total	49,569
Finance Leases
2020 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2020)	810
2021	1,620
2022	859
2023	0
2024	0
2025	0
Thereafter	0
Total lease payments	3,289
Less: imputed interest	(184)
Total	$ 3,105

Acquisitions - Additional Information (Details) - Robotic Process Automation Platform $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Business Combination Segment Allocation [Line Items]
Percentage of interests acquired	100.00%
Acquisition price	$ 6.9

Acquisitions - Schedule of Business Acquisitions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 4,443		$ 0
Robotic Process Automation Platform
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash acquired		$ 731
Other current assets		213
Property and equipment		22
Goodwill		4,348
Other noncurrent assets		10
Total assets acquired		7,267
Current liabilities		14
Noncurrent liabilities		344
Total liabilities assumed		358
Net assets acquired		6,909
Robotic Process Automation Platform \| Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangibles		1,537
Robotic Process Automation Platform \| Customer relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangibles		$ 406

Property and Equipment, net - Schedule of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 45,995	$ 46,880
Less: accumulated depreciation	(8,558)	(7,326)
Property and equipment, net	37,437	39,554
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	36,116	37,130
Office furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	4,861	4,963
Computer hardware
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	3,618	3,365
Computer software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	1,352	1,350
Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 48	$ 72

Property and Equipment, net - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 1,400	$ 1,100	$ 2,800	$ 1,900
Loss on disposal		(100)	(22)	(145)
Property and equipment acquired under finance lease arrangements	4,471		4,471
Accumulated depreciation of finance lease arrangements	$ 1,445		1,445
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Disposal of property plant and equipment		3,200	1,300	3,200
Computer hardware
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Disposal of property plant and equipment			100
Office furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Disposal of property plant and equipment		$ 800	100	$ 800
Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Disposal of property plant and equipment			$ 100

Accrued Expenses (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued hosting costs	$ 2,277	$ 1,865
Accrued contract labor costs	1,621	1,921
Accrued marketing and tradeshow expenses	647	365
Accrued audit and tax expenses	472	315
Accrued legal costs	309	422
Accrued reimbursable employee expenses	226	1,353
Accrued third party license fees	189	288
Other accrued expenses	1,566	959
Total	$ 7,307	$ 7,488

Debt - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended
Debt - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Outstanding letters of credit		$ 11,100,000	$ 10,500,000
Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit facility	$ 20,000,000.0
Term Loan
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit, outstanding borrowings		$ 0
Minimum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Unused credit facility fee	0.15%
Quick ratio	135.00%
Minimum \| London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate margin	2.00%
Minimum \| Prime Rate
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate margin	1.00%
Maximum
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Unused credit facility fee	0.25%
Maximum \| London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate margin	2.50%
Maximum \| Prime Rate
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate margin	1.50%

Income Taxes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
Income Taxes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Effective tax rate	(2.40%)	(2.70%)	(0.30%)	(1.60%)
Net unrecognized tax benefits which would impact effective tax rate if recognized	$ 1.6		$ 1.6
Minimum \| Subsidiaries
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Effective tax rate			0.00%
Maximum \| Subsidiaries
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Effective tax rate			32.00%

Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2019	Nov. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019	May 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock option granted (in shares)			0
Weighted average grant-date fair value (in usd per share)				$ 13.57
Exercise price of stock options granted (in usd per share)			$ 0
Service period (in years)			5 years 3 months 29 days		5 years 9 months 18 days
Vested in period, value			$ 1.0	$ 1.5
Compensation cost related to nonvested stock options not yet recognized			$ 6.1
Unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock option recognized over weighted average period, in years			1 year 6 months
Non-vested restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units			$ 33.6
Weighted average remaining vesting period			2 years 3 months 18 days
Grant of RSUs (in shares)			231,333
Fair value of shares granted (in usd per share)			$ 52.46
2017 Equity Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares available to be issued (in shares)			4,545,733
2017 Equity Incentive Plan \| Non-vested restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Value of award at grant date		$ 7.7
Grant of RSUs (in shares)		255,930
Fair value of shares granted (in usd per share)		$ 30.06
2017 Equity Incentive Plan \| Class A Common Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares available to be issued (in shares)			7,142,549			6,421,442
2007 Stock Option Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares available to be issued (in shares)						421,442
Number of shares available for grants (in shares)						0
Chief Executive Officer \| 2017 Equity Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock option granted (in shares)	700,000
Exercise price of stock options granted (in usd per share)	$ 33.98
Share price (in usd per share)	$ 84.63
Value of award at grant date	$ 9.5
Service period (in years)	2 years 7 months 6 days

Stock-Based Compensation - Assumptions Used to Estimate Fair Value of Stock Options (Detail)	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Risk-free interest rate	2.10%	2.10%
Expected term (in years)	2 years 7 months 6 days	2 years 7 months 6 days
Expected volatility	55.00%	55.00%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of the Stock Option Activity (Detail) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Number of Shares
January 1, 2020 (in shares) \| shares	4,458,611
Granted (in shares) \| shares	0
Exercised (in shares) \| shares	(376,967)
Expired (in shares) \| shares	(1,020)
Canceled (in shares) \| shares	(34,080)
Outstanding at March 31, 2020 (in shares) \| shares	4,046,544	4,458,611
Exercisable at March 31, 2020 (in shares) \| shares	2,733,704
Weighted Average Exercise Price
January 1, 2020 (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 12.30
Granted (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	0
Exercised (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	5.98
Expired (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	12.00
Canceled (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	11.19
Outstanding at March 31, 2020 (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	12.90	$ 12.30
Exercisable at March 31, 2020 (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 8.00
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
January 1, 2019	5 years 3 months 29 days	5 years 9 months 18 days
Outstanding at June 30, 2020	5 years 3 months 29 days	5 years 9 months 18 days
Exercisable at June 30, 2020	5 years 5 months 12 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
January 1, 2020 \| $	$ 115,501
Exercised \| $	16,706
Outstanding at March 31, 2020 \| $	155,170	$ 115,501
Exercisable at March 31, 2020 \| $	$ 118,244

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Restricted Stock Unit Activity (Detail) - Non-vested restricted stock units	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 $ / shares shares
Number of Shares
Non-vested outstanding at January 1, 2020 (in shares) \| shares	1,022,835
Granted (in shares) \| shares	231,333
Vested (in shares) \| shares	(59,598)
Canceled (in shares) \| shares	(77,593)
Non-vested outstanding at March 31, 2020 (in shares) \| shares	1,116,977
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested outstanding at January 1, 2020 (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 31.39
Fair value of shares granted (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	52.46
Vested (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	32.82
Canceled (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	32.24
Non-vested outstanding at March 31, 2020 (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 35.62

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 3,614	$ 2,689	$ 7,090	$ 9,914
RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	2,475	1,902	4,774	8,671
Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	1,047	695	2,131	1,059
Common stock awards to Board of Directors
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 92	$ 92	$ 185	$ 184

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense Included in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 3,614	$ 2,689	$ 7,090	$ 9,914
Subscriptions
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	229	161	442	315
Professional services
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	317	244	529	2,218
Sales and marketing
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	657	814	1,410	3,195
Research and development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	619	435	1,172	2,550
General and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,792	$ 1,035	$ 3,537	$ 1,636

Stockholders' Equity (Detail)	6 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity (Detail)	Jun. 30, 2020 vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2019 $ / shares shares
Class A Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, par value (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	37,558,379	34,525,386
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	37,558,379	34,525,386
Number of votes entitled to stockholders per share \| vote	1
Conversion of stock (in shares)	1
Maximum percentage of aggregate voting power of capital stock which triggers conversion of stock	10.00%
Class B Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, par value (in usd per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	32,281,936	32,942,636
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	32,281,936	32,942,636
Number of votes entitled to stockholders per share \| vote	10

Basic and Diluted Loss per Common Share (Detail) - shares	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities outstanding (in shares)	4,046,544	5,046,632	4,046,544	5,046,632
Non-vested restricted stock units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities outstanding (in shares)	1,116,127	996,049	1,116,127	996,049

Commitments and Contingencies -Narrative (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Outstanding letters of credit	$ 11.1	$ 10.5

Segment and Geographic Information - Summary of Revenues By Geography (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 66,775	$ 65,275	$ 145,639	$ 125,579
Domestic
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	42,191	43,785	94,646	84,862
International
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 24,584	$ 21,490	$ 50,993	$ 40,717

- Definition

+ References

+ Details

Segment and Geographic Information - Additional Information (Detail)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Sales Revenue, Net \| Geographic Concentration Risk
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	12.40%	12.80%	12.40%	11.90%